Transcript Dr Tam - Climate Change and Beekeeping

Dr. Dinh Quyet Tam
Vietnam Beekeepers Association
Climate Change
• Climate change is a change in the usual weather:
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Rainfall
Temperature
Seasonality
Extreme weather events (floods, droughts, typhoons…)
• Climate change occurs in different scale from region to
global
• Climate change impact to all nature, organisms
and human worldwide
Beneficiaries of honeybees and
Beekeeping
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Agricultural crops and wild plants up on honeybees’ pollination
– Around 35% of agricultural crops (Klein et al. 2007)
– About 84% of cultivated plant species (William 1996)
– Play important role for biodiversity by fertilization for floral plant
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Honeybee is the most important pollinator
– Unique insect to be kept by human for thousands years
– Distribution throughout the world, high range of adaption to climatic and regional variation
– High economic value from pollination and bee products
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Value of honeybees
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US$ 117 billion per year worldwide (Costanza et al., 1997) estimated as pollinator
($14.6 billion/year in the USA (Cornell University 1999), EUR 14.2 billion/year in EU (Gallai et al.,
2009), £1 billion/year in UK (BBC News 1999)
– Supplying valuable bee products: honey, wax, royal jellly, propolis
– Job-creation and income-generation and reduction povery in developing countries
Climate Change Impact to Honeybees
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Direct:
– Biology and physiology of honeybees: Behavior, foraging, reproduction, lifecycle, distribution
– Honeybees has biologic and genetic characters to adapt to climate change over hundreds million
year for survival.
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Indirect:
– Habitats: Plants as nectar and pollen sources, availability of forage, water, agricultural
landscape
– Parasites and Pathogens: Mites (Varroa destructor, Tropilaelaps spp., Acarine), Small Hive
Beettle, Wax Moth, Bacteria (American foulbrood, European foulbrood), Microsporideae
(Nosema ceranae, Nosema apis), Fungal (Chalk brood, Stone brood), Virus: (Sacbrood, ABPV,
CBPV, IAPV, KBV, DWV…)
– Predators: Birds, Wasps, Dragon-Flies, Spiders, Mantises, Toads, Geckoes, Weasels, Bears…
– Invasion and competition between new ecotypes, races, alien species like Africanized
honeybees
– Pesticides and Fungicides, Herbicides
– Social-Economic Factors: Agricultural system, Land use, Policy, Social perception
An apiary in rubber trees
Nectar on rubber leave
A worker bee drinking
Small Hive Beetle in colony
Spores of Nosema ceranae
Tropilaelaps clareae
How to Protect Beekeeping
1. Habitats:
Make an environment with availability of forage
and safe for honeybees
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Limit deforestation
Develop reforestation
Ensure agricultural systems and vegetation are suitable
Using pesticides/fungicides/herbicides in right compounds
and direction to minimize harmful for honeybees
How to Protect Beekeeping
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Biodiversity:
For indigenous species
 Preserve indigenous honeybees
 Select and breed good subspecies
 Apply appropriated methods for honey hunting
For exotic species: Apis mellifera
• Select and preserve good ecotypes to breed
• Import selected drone’s semen to increase biodiversity by Artificial
Insemination
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Research:
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Biological and genetic honeybees
Parasites, pathogens, predators and control methods
Nectar and pollen sources
Forage and nutrition
New techniques and equipment for beekeeping
Beekeeping economy
How to Protect Beekeeping
4.
Raising awareness of the community about
beekeeping:
– Propagate role of honeybees and beekeeping
– Diversify traditional beekeeping models
– Educate beekeeping in selected schools, agricultural
colleges and universities
– Multimedia: TVs, Books, Posters, Leaflets,
Newspapers…
– Organize seminars, workshop, events about
honeybees and beekeeping
How to Protect Beekeeping
5.
Governmental:
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Promulgate policies to protect the honeybees and floral sources;
regulations for using pesticides, beekeeping preservation, good
beekeeping practice, quality standards for bee products and equipment
Enhance capacity of lab to control quality
Support for training courses, beekeeping extension, marketing, free or
low tax for beekeeping
Grant for bee research and development
Assist private beekeeper to set up organizations (cooperative,
association..)
Promote trade and marketing: Advistisement, Trade Far, study tours
Facilitate credit for beekeepers
Encourage deveping traditional beekeeping models (log hives, top-bar
hives) with Apis ceranan
How to Protect Beekeeping
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Famers, Beekeepers and Exporters
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Raise perception of protection of honeybees and evironment
Apply and abide by rules and requirement on good beekeeping practice
and pesticide guided by manufacturers
Try to produce organic honey and value added products
Respect to commitments and contracts with sellers and buyers about
quality, quantity
Establish effective cooperation between researchers, farmers, beekeepers,
exporters in producing, breeding and maketing
6. International cooperation in:
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Scientific studies on the honeybees and beekeeping
Education and Development beekeeping
Marketing
Join International orgainization: Apimondia, AAA