Transcript EOP-G Work Plan 2010

The ESA
Climate Change Initiative
Earth System Science 2010
Global Change, Climate and People
Edinburgh
May 11, 2010
Page 1
Some points picked up yesterday
• Roseanna Cunningham, MSP- Minister for Environment
–
Dialogue Scientists / Politics
• Prof. Jacqueline McGlade - European Environment Agency
–
Quality Assured Data and Traceability
–
Link to in-situ Data
• Prof. Berrien Moore - University of New Hampshire
–
Compare model with long time series of satellite data
Page 2
Quality Assured Data and Traceability
Metrological barriers ?
Page 3
Metrological barriers
• The importance of calibration traceably to SI units.
–
For climate applications, long time-series of data requires
records from a series of sensors from separate agencies
using different engineering designs and different procedures
for characterisation and calibration of the sensors. For
climate applications, especially, this can be a major obstacle
to acceptance by the user communities of satellite datarecords. (Prof. David Llewellyn-Jones – U. Leicester)
• Inter-comparison experiments
–
It is essential for the integrity of their use, that any
differences in their measurements are understood, so that
any potential biases are removed and are not transferred to
satellite sensors. (Evangelos Theocharous – NPL)
•
talking about Field-deployed infrared radiometers
Page 4
Metrological barriers
• A Quality Assurance Framework for Earth Observation
–
The QA4EO Initiative has led to a set of guidelines which
aims to set out realistic and practical procedures which can
be followed in the calibration and validation of earthobserving (satellite) sensors (David Llewelling-Jones)
Page 5
QA4EO Background
•
The Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) must
deliver “timely, quality, long-term, global information ” to meet the
needs of its nine “societal benefit areas”.
•
This will be achieved through the synergistic use of data derived from
a variety of sources (satellite, airborne and surface-based) and the
coordination of resources and efforts of the members.
•
Accomplishing this vision, starting from a system of disparate
systems that were built for a multitude of applications, requires the
establishment of an internationally coordinated framework to
facilitate interoperability and harmonisation.
•
The success of this framework is dependent upon the successful
implementation of a single key principle:
–
all EO data and derived products shall have associated with it a documented and fully
traceable quality indicator (QI).
•
Success also necessitates the means to efficiently communicate this
attributes to all stakeholders.
Page 6
QA4EO Essential Principle
Data and derived products shall
have associated
with them an
QA4EO
indicator of their quality to
enable users to assess its
suitability
for their
application.
Essential
Principle
“fitness for purpose”
Quality Indicators (QIs) should
be ascribed to data and
Products.
AQuality
QI should provide
sufficient
Indicators
information to allow all users to
readily evaluate its “fitness for
purpose”.
QI needs to be based on a
documented and quantifiable
assessment of evidence
demonstrating
the level of
Traceability
traceability to internationally
agreed (where possible SI)
reference standards.
Page 7
Reliability and issues with historical
temperature records
• Over land measurements are produced at stations. It is important to
correct biases caused by changes in station location and to eliminate
any individual observations with large errors. Processing of SST
observations is more complicated than land because of large
instrumental changes. (Dick Reynolds)
Page 8
The Climate Change Initiative Programme
The background
Page 9
Climate Change Initiative
• The objective of Climate Change Initiative is to realize the full
potential of the long-term global Earth Observation archives
that ESA together with its Member states have established
over the last thirty years, as a significant and timely
contribution to the ECV databases required by UNFCCC.
• It will ensure that full capital is derived from ongoing and
planned ESA missions for climate purposes, including ERS,
Envisat, the Earth Explorer missions, relevant ESA-managed
archives of Third-Party Mission data and, in due course, the
GMES Space Component.
Page 10
Climate Change Initiative
• Based on this analysis the following five main activities will be
implemented to achieve the overall objective:
–
–
–
–
–
Gathering, collating and preserving the long-term time series
in ESA’s distributed archives.
(Re-)Processing periodically the basic EO-data sets from each
individual mission and applying the most up-to-date
algorithms and cal/val corrections.
Integrating the calibrated data sets derived from individual
contributing EO mission and sensors to constitute the most
comprehensive and well-characterized global long term
records possible for each ECV.
Assessing the trends and consistency of the ECV records in
the context of climate models and assimilation schemes.
Developing improved algorithms and data models for
production of the required variables from emerging data
sources, consistent with the long term record
Page 11
Two climate action paths
GCOS-82 in 2003
GCOS-92 in 2004
GCOS-107 in 2006
GEOSS 10-year plan in 2005
CEOS response 2006
CEOS IP for GEOSS in 2007
Page 12
GEOSS IP 2005
GCOS IP 2004
Part of
GEO
task
CL-06-01
ESA CCI: Production of
Essential Climate Variables
(ECV) according to GCOS
requirements
Precursor example
ESA Ministerial Council, Nov 2008:
Approval of 75 M€ for a six year programme that will contribute to about twenty
satellite-based ECVs. A strong interaction with the scientific community is an
essential part of the programme.
The CCI initiative will ensure that ESA can play a full role in deriving relevant
ECVs specified by GCOS, based on ESA current and archived EO data. ESA
will work with CEOS agencies to ensure as complete a coverage of the entire
suite of ECVs as possible.
Page 13
Climate Observations Research and Services
Stakeholders, Users, Decision-makers
Assessment
Products Information
Basic
Research
Prediction
Operational
Applied
Research
Attribution
Climate
Services
Modeling
Assimilation
Observation, Data and Analysis
ESA Climate Change Initiative
(from K. Trenberth: Observational needs for climate
prediction
and adaptation, WMO Bulletin 57(1), January 2008)
Data
Access
Earth Explorers
Envisat / ERS
National Missions
Page 14
GMES Sentinels
Meteo Missions
(Eumetsat)
The Climate Change Initiative Programme
The Essential Climate Variables
Page 15
Satellite-based ECVs
Domain
Essential Climate Variables
Surface:
Atmospheric (over
land sea and ice)
Air temperature, Precipitation, Air pressure, Surface radiation
budget, Wind speed and direction, Water vapour.
Earth radiation budget (including solar irradiances), Upper-air
Upper-air:
temperature (including MSU radiances), Wind speed and
direction, Water vapour, Cloud properties.
Composition:
Carbon dioxide, Methane, Ozone, Other Long-Lived greenhouse
gases, Aerosol properties.
Sea-surface temperature, Sea-surface salinity, Sea-level, Sea
Surface:
state, Sea ice, Current, Ocean colour (for biological activity),
Carbon dioxide partial pressure.
Oceanic
Sub-surface:
Temperature, Salinity, Current, Nutrients, Carbon, Ocean tracers,
Phytoplankton.
River discharge, Water use, Ground water, Lake levels, Snow cover, Glaciers
and ice caps, Permafrost and seasonally-frozen ground, Albedo, Land Cover
Terrestrial
(including vegetation type), Fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active
Radiation (fAPAR), Leaf area index (LAI), Biomass, Fire disturbance.
Soil moisture.
GCOS – 107 Systematic Observation Requirements for Satellite-Based Product for Climate Page 81
Page 16
GCOS Essential Climate Variables (ECVs)  EVs
O.1
Sea Ice
O.2
Sea Level
OCEANS
O.3
Sea Surface Temperature
O.4
Ocean Color
O.5
O.7
ATMOSPHERE
O.6
Sea State
Ocean Reanalysis
Ocean Salinity
TERRESTRIAL
T.1
Lakes
T.2
Glaciers & Ice Caps, and Ice Sheets
T.3
Snow Cover
T.4
Albedo
T.5
Land Cover
T.6
fAPAR
T.7
LAI
T.8
Biomass
T.9
Fire Disturbance
T.10
A.1
Surface Wind Speed and Direction
A.2
Upper-air Temperature
A.3
Water Vapour
A.4
Cloud Properties
A.5
Precipitation
A.6
Earth Radiation Budget
A.7
Ozone
A.8
Atmospheric reanalysis (multiple ECVs)
A.9
Aerosols
A.10
Carbon Dioxide, Methane and other Greenhouse Gases
A.11
Upper-air Wind
Soil moisture
GCOS – 107 Systematic Observation Requirements for Satellite-Based Product for Climate Page 12 and 13
Page 17
GCOS Essential Climate Variables (ECVs)  EVs
O.1
Sea Ice
O.2
Sea Level
OCEANS
O.3
Sea Surface Temperature
O.4
Ocean Color
O.5
O.7
ATMOSPHERE
O.6
Sea State
Ocean Reanalysis
Ocean Salinity
TERRESTRIAL
T.1
Lakes
T.2
Glaciers & Ice Caps, and Ice Sheets
T.3
Snow Cover
T.4
Albedo
T.5
Land Cover
T.6
fAPAR
T.7
LAI
T.8
Biomass
T.9
Fire Disturbance
T.10
A.1
Surface Wind Speed and Direction
A.2
Upper-air Temperature
A.3
Water Vapour
A.4
Cloud Properties
A.5
Precipitation
A.6
Earth Radiation Budget
A.7
Ozone
A.8
Atmospheric reanalysis (multiple ECVs)
A.9
Aerosols
A.10
Carbon Dioxide, Methane and other Greenhouse Gases
A.11
Upper-air Wind
CCI First Steps (11 ECVs)
Soil moisture
GCOS – 107 Systematic Observation Requirements for Satellite-Based Product for Climate Page 12 and 13
Page 18
Data from each sensor contributes to FCDR of several ECVs
ESA missions data => FCDRs => ECVs
ERS-1
ERS-2
FCDR of each ECV requires data from several sensors
Envisat (2002)
Sentinels
Earth Explorer
Eumetsat
Other Missions
count
JERS / ALOS (1991 / 2006)
Radarsat (1995)
Aquarius(2010)
TOMS (1978)
OMI (2004)
Geosat Follow-on (1998)
SeaWIFS (1997)
MODIS (1999)
DMSP – SSMI (1987)
AVHRR (1981)
Landsat (1977)
SPOT / HRV (1986)
SPOT / VGT (1998)
TOPEX / Jason (1991)
Ascatt (2006)
IASI (2006)
GOME-2 (2006)
MSG (2002)
Sentinel 5
Sentinel 4
Sentinel 3 (2012)
Sentinel 2 (2012)
Sentinel 1 (2012)
EarthCAre (2012)
ADM / Aeolus (2009)
Cryosat (2009)
SMOS (2009)
GOCE (2008)
GOMOS
MIPAS
Sciamachy
ASAR Image Mode
ASAR Wave Mode
Meris
AATSR
Radar Altimeter
Gome
Scatterometer
SAR Image Mode
SAR Wave Mode
ATSR-2
Radar Altimeter
Scatterometer
SAR Image Mode
SAR Wave Mode
ATSR-1
Radar Altimeter
ECV
●
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OCEAN
LAND
ATMOSPHERE
O.2
Sea Level
O.3
SST
O.4
Ocean Colour
O.5
Sea State
O.6
Ocean Salinity
O.1
Sea Ice Concentration
T.1
Lakes
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T.2
Glacier & Ice Caps
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T.5
Land Cover
T.6
faPAR
T.7
LAI
T.8
Biomass
T.9
Burned Area & Burning Fire
T.10
Soil Moisture (Research)
T.3
Snow Area
T.4
Albedo
A.4
Cloud Properties
A.7
O3 Total and Column
A.8
Aerosol OD & other props
A.9
GHGs Distributions
A.10
Upper Air Winds
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Other Missions
count
JERS / ALOS (1991 / 2006)
Radarsat (1995)
Aquarius(2010)
TOMS (1978)
OMI (2004)
Geosat Follow-on (1998)
SeaWIFS (1997)
MODIS (1999)
DMSP – SSMI (1987)
AVHRR (1981)
Landsat (1977)
SPOT / HRV (1986)
SPOT / VGT (1998)
TOPEX / Jason (1991)
Ascatt (2006)
IASI (2006)
GOME-2 (2006)
MSG (2002)
Sentinel 5
Sentinel 4
Sentinel 3 (2012)
Sentinel 2 (2012)
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Sentinel 1 (2012)
2001
EarthCAre (2012)
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ADM / Aeolus (2009)
2002
Cryosat (2009)
4
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SMOS (2009)
4
2003
GOCE (2008)
4
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GOMOS
4
2004
MIPAS
4
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Sciamachy
4
2005
ASAR Image Mode
3
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ASAR Wave Mode
4
2014
Meris
5
2006
AATSR
5
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Radar Altimeter
5
2007
Gome
5
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Scatterometer
5
2008
SAR Image Mode
4
2012
SAR Wave Mode
5
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1995
ATSR-2
5
2009
1996
Radar Altimeter
5
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1997
Scatterometer
5
2010
1998
SAR Image Mode
5
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SAR Wave Mode
5
2013
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1999
ATSR-1
OCEAN
4
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2000
Radar Altimeter
SST
ECV
O.2
Eumetsat
Sentinels
Earth Explorer
Envisat (2002)
ERS-2
ERS-1
The time component – the 3rd dimension
ESA missions data => FCDRs => ECVs
The Climate Change Initiative Programme
The International Scientific Cooperation
Page 21
International Scientific Cooperation
•
•
•
To succeed, the CCI programme must meet the needs of international Climate Research
community and contribute effectively to the collective international response to GCOS,
via CEOS and GEO.
⇒ Each CCI project (the contractor) shall meet the specific needs of a well identified,
specialized climate research community by addressing the corresponding GCOS
requirements
Key elements of the international framework for this programme are:
–
–
–
–
–
–
•
GCOS: which represents the scientific and technical requirements of the Global Climate
Observing System on behalf of UNFCCC and IPCC.
International Climate Research Programmes, which represent the collective interests
and priorities of the worldwide climate research communities
CEOS: which serves as a focal point for Earth Observation related activities of Space
Agencies in the GEO framework
Individual Partner Space Agencies with whom ESA cooperates bilaterally
EC and National Research Programmes which establish research priorities and provide
resources for climate research community within Europe
Individual end-user organizations in ESA member states and worldwide, climate
research, monitoring and modelling practitioners who are active in the IPCC processes
The ESA executive will ensure the necessary international coordination at programme
Page 22
International Scientific Cooperation
• Each CCI project team must implement the necessary international
scientific coordination at project level. In practice, this means that
• Each CCI project team (the contractor):
• ⇒ Within Europe: shall take full advantage of existing results, ongoing projects, and future funding opportunities from national
research programmes, from EUMETSAT and from the EC 7th
Framework Programme, when planning, implementing and reviewing
the progress of their CCI project.
• ⇒ On the international scene: shall coordinate activities with nonEuropean teams, and seek independent scientific review of methods
and validation of results, under the auspices of the authoritative
international scientific bod(ies), most appropriate for each ECV.
Page 23
The Climate Change Initiative Programme
The implementation
Page 24
“baseline” data requirement per ECV
Page 25
CCI Data requests
not limited to ESA missions
Other Missions
JERS / ALOS (1991 / 2006)
Radarsat (1995)
Aquarius(2010)
TOMS (1978)
OMI (2004)
Geosat Follow-on (1998)
SeaWIFS (1997)
MODIS (1999)
DMSP – SSMI (1987)
AVHRR (1981)
Landsat (1977)
SPOT / HRV (1986)
SPOT / VGT (1998)
TOPEX / Jason (1991)
Ascatt (2006)
IASI (2006)
GOME-2 (2006)
MSG (2002)
Sentinel 5
Sentinel 4
Sentinel 3 (2012)
Sentinel 2 (2012)
Sentinel 1 (2012)
EarthCAre (2012)
ADM / Aeolus (2009)
Cryosat (2009)
SMOS (2009)
GOCE (2008)
GHGs Distributions
GOMOS
A.9
MIPAS
Aerosol OD & other props
Sciamachy
A.8
ASAR Image Mode
O3 Total and Column
ASAR Wave Mode
A.7
Meris
Cloud Properties
AATSR
A.4
Radar Altimeter
Burned Area & Burning Fire
Gome
T.9
Scatterometer
Land Cover
SAR Image Mode
T.5
SAR Wave Mode
●
ATSR-2
Glacier & Ice Caps
Radar Altimeter
T.2
ATMOSPHERE
●
LAND
Sea Ice Concentration
OCEAN
O.1
Scatterometer
●
Ocean Colour
SAR Image Mode
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O.4
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SST
SAR Wave Mode
ATSR-1
Radar Altimeter
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O.3
Page 26
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O.2
Eumetsat
Sentinels
Earth Explorer
Envisat (2002)
ERS-2
ERS-1
ECV
International Scientific Cooperation
• All proposals have links with independent bodies:
–
IOCCG, IPCC, WCRP, IGBP, GHRSST, CLIVAR
• All proposals are linked to European projects
–
EUCLIPS, EUGENE, EUCAARI, AMARSI, PASODOBLE
• All proposal are linked to international Projects
–
GEWEX, GAW, IGBP, GCOS, GTOS, GLIMS
• All the proposal have IPPC lead or co-authors in their team
–
Some proposals include non European scientists from US,
Japan, etc..)
Page 27
Conclusions
•
The ESA Climate Change Initiative is positioned at the crossing point between
Science and Operation.
•
On the science side, one finds
•
•
–
Instruments calibration and algorithms  FCDR
–
Geophysical products Validation and algorithms
–
Data merging / fusions  ECV
–
Assimilation in Climate models for product assessment
On the operation side
–
Multi-sensor products
–
Long time series
–
System design
This is certainly a very comprehensive and thorough approach to tackle the
development of Essential Climate Variable for Assimilation in Climate models.
Page 28
Science and Politics
Some considerations
Page 29
Climate Observations
Stakeholders, Users, Decision-makers
Assessment
Products Information
Basic
Research
Prediction
Operational
Applied
Research
Attribution
Climate
Services
Modeling
Assimilation
Observation, Data and Analysis
(from K. Trenberth: Observational needs for climate prediction and adaptation, WMO Bulletin 57(1), January 2008)
Page 30
Some final considerations
• 2 degrees, 350 ppm, zero emission today
• Floating houses ?? For whom ??
• Katrina
Page 31
Floating Houses ?? For whom ??
Page 32
Katrina impact…
• Nearly five years later, thousands of displaced residents in
Mississippi and Louisiana are still living in trailers.
•
The casino shut down in the wake of Hurricane Katrina in August 29th, 2005
but reopened in the midst of Mardi Gras on February 17, 2006.
(Wikipedia)
Page 33