Transcript Session outline - Keele University

Greening Business: An
online teaching resource
Session 2: Climate, carbon and
business
Suggested session outline
Dr Zoe Robinson, Keele University, [email protected]
Greening Business: An online teaching resource. www.esci.keele.ac.uk/greeningbusiness
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• These slides were last updated in February 2010
Dr Zoe Robinson, Keele University, [email protected]
Greening Business: An online teaching resource. www.esci.keele.ac.uk/greeningbusiness
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Dr Zoe Robinson, Keele University, [email protected]
Greening Business: An online teaching resource. www.esci.keele.ac.uk/greeningbusiness
Session outline
1) Why are we so
concerned about
carbon?
2) CO2 equivalents and
Global Warming
Potential
3) Carbon and business
Clouds are an important part of the Earth’s
energy balance, but it’s greenhouse gases
that we are most concerned about
4) Carbon-related
legislation
Dr Zoe Robinson, Keele University, [email protected]
Greening Business: An online teaching resource. www.esci.keele.ac.uk/greeningbusiness
Other gases (0.93% argon)
Why are we so worried
about carbon?
Oxygen
(21%)
1
2
3
Nitrogen (78%)
Gaseous composition of the lower
atmosphere
Dr Zoe Robinson, Keele University, [email protected]
Greening Business: An online teaching resource. www.esci.keele.ac.uk/greeningbusiness
What is global warming?
Faster temperature increases at high
northern latitudes have implications for
snow and ice melt (Photo: SE Iceland, Zoe
Robinson)
Dr Zoe Robinson, Keele University, [email protected]
Greening Business: An online teaching resource. www.esci.keele.ac.uk/greeningbusiness
Incoming solar
radiation (short
wave length)
The ‘greenhouse effect’
A proportion of
long-wave
radiation is
‘absorbed’ by GHG
– causing warming
~50% of incoming radiation
is received by the Earth; the
Earth heats up and emits
long-wave radiation
A simplified depiction of the greenhouse
effect
Dr Zoe Robinson, Keele University, [email protected]
Greening Business: An online teaching resource. www.esci.keele.ac.uk/greeningbusiness
Gas
GWP (over 100
years)
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
1
Methane (CH4)
25
Nitrous oxide (N2O)
298
Hydrofluorocarbons
(HFCs)
100-14,800
(depending on gas)
Perfluorocarbons
(PFCs)
7390-12,200
(depending on gas)
Sulphur Hexafluoride
(SF6)
Global Warming
Potential (GWP)
22,800
GWPs for different greenhouse gases
(GHG) (Source: IPCC, 2007)
Dr Zoe Robinson, Keele University, [email protected]
Greening Business: An online teaching resource. www.esci.keele.ac.uk/greeningbusiness
Sources of GHG
Fridge coolant HFCs are a
greenhouse gas (Photo: Stephen
Whitfield)
Dr Zoe Robinson, Keele University, [email protected]
Greening Business: An online teaching resource. www.esci.keele.ac.uk/greeningbusiness
CO2
(ppm)
CH4 (ppb)
N 2O
(ppb)
Pre-I rev.
(1750)
280
700
270
2005
379
1774
319
%
increase
35
153
18
Trends
Changes in atmospheric concentrations of
some GHG (Source: IPCC, 2007)
Dr Zoe Robinson, Keele University, [email protected]
Greening Business: An online teaching resource. www.esci.keele.ac.uk/greeningbusiness
Units of
measurement/reporting
The wattage on light bulbs is
always clearly displayed but
not on all electrical appliances
(Source: Faith Goble - flickr.com)
Dr Zoe Robinson, Keele University, [email protected]
Greening Business: An online teaching resource. www.esci.keele.ac.uk/greeningbusiness
Communicating carbon data
Many people may find it easier
to visualise a volume of gas –
particularly where this is
compared to a well-known
object, such as a hot air balloon
(Source: ajagendorf25 - flickr.com)
Dr Zoe Robinson, Keele University, [email protected]
Greening Business: An online teaching resource. www.esci.keele.ac.uk/greeningbusiness
The carbon footprint
The carbon footprint is a measure of
the amount of greenhouse gases
released by an individual, organisation,
country etc. (Photo: Zoe Robinson)
Dr Zoe Robinson, Keele University, [email protected]
Greening Business: An online teaching resource. www.esci.keele.ac.uk/greeningbusiness
Business sector
Warehouses
Schools
kg/square foot
4
5.5
Shopping centres
9
Offices
10
Universities
11
Hospitals
14
Restaurants
26
Supermarkets
30
How does this relate to
business?
Yearly emissions of greenhouse gases for
different businesses (Source: Reay, 2006)
Dr Zoe Robinson, Keele University, [email protected]
Greening Business: An online teaching resource. www.esci.keele.ac.uk/greeningbusiness
The Carbon Reduction
Commitment Energy
Efficiency Scheme
Cap and trade schemes: Targets met
by reducing emissions below cap and
selling surplus or buying allowances
for higher emissions (Photo: Zoe
Robinson)
Dr Zoe Robinson, Keele University, [email protected]
Greening Business: An online teaching resource. www.esci.keele.ac.uk/greeningbusiness
Other schemes for energy
intensive industries
EU-Emissions Trading Scheme (EUETS): “Cap and trade” scheme. EU
Member States set emissions limits for
all installations covered by the scheme.
Dr Zoe Robinson, Keele University, [email protected]
Greening Business: An online teaching resource. www.esci.keele.ac.uk/greeningbusiness
Carbon reduction and
local authorities (LAs)
Car usage contributes towards National
Indicator 186: per capita CO2 emissions
(Photo: Paul Trafford – flickr.com)
Dr Zoe Robinson, Keele University, [email protected]
Greening Business: An online teaching resource. www.esci.keele.ac.uk/greeningbusiness
Lights
Office equipment
Energy performance
certificates
Cooling
Ventilation
Heating
Others
Use of electricity in the average office
(Source: Reay, 2006)
Dr Zoe Robinson, Keele University, [email protected]
Greening Business: An online teaching resource. www.esci.keele.ac.uk/greeningbusiness
References and further resources
 BERR (2009) EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS)
http://www.berr.gov.uk/energy/environment/euets/index.html
 Carbon footprint (2009) Home of Carbon Management
www.carbonfootprint.com
 The Carbon Trust (2009) Carbon Reduction Commitment
http://www.carbontrust.co.uk/climatechange/policy/CRC.htm
 Defra (2009) Climate Change Agreements http://www.defra.gov.uk/
 European Environment Agency (2008) Greenhouse gas emissions trends and
projections in Europe 2008
http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/eea_report_2008_5
 Goodall, C. (2007) How to live a low-carbon life. Earthscan
 Houghton (2004) Global Warming (3rd edition). Cambridge.
 IPCC 2007 Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of
Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change. Available from: http://ipcc-wg1.ucar.edu/wg1/wg1report.html
 Lynas, M. (2007) Carbon Calculator: Easy ways to reduce your carbon
footprint. Collins
 Peake, S. and Smith, J. (2009) Climate Change: From science to sustainability.
Open University
 Reay, D. (2006) Climate Change Begins at Home. Macmillan
Dr Zoe Robinson, Keele University, [email protected]
Greening Business: An online teaching resource. www.esci.keele.ac.uk/greeningbusiness