Transcript Eastern Scheldt Barrier

Seminar “ Will it flood like 2011?”
A Dutch Example
Bangkok, 13th January 2012
Harrie Laboyrie
January 2012
Contents
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Introduction
Drainage and Inundation
The Dutch delta
Cooperation with other deltas in the world
Sustainable development in the delta; a process
approach
Drainage and Inundation : main problems
 From technical point of view insufficient operation
and maintenance to the river and drainage system,
lack of spatial planning, encroachment of the
riverbanks, structures crossing rivers and drainage
systems and land subsidence are the major causes
of the floods while the lack of coordination between
the different authorities, the absence of proper
organization structure to execute O&M and limited
funds for O&M are causes from non technical point
of view;
Drainage and Inundation : main problems
• Water management problems in low lying areas are
of special importance in urban areas, where the
combination of a dense paved surface, a low
infiltration rate and limited discharge capacity
demands special measures to reduce flooding due
to impeded drainage. Urban water management
involves all aspects related to water in the city:
storm water- and wastewater discharge, safety and
risk assessment, water storage, water quality,
spatial planning and ecology;
Drainage and Inundation : main problems
• New concepts for the integration of urban drainage
infrastructure in the urban environment are
frequently employed by our drainage and flood
control engineers. Measures are ranging from flood
diversion channels to ‘urban wadi-systems’ to
promote infiltration and reduce drainage discharge.
Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS)
refers to a collection of methods used to reduce
runoff from hard surfaces through storage and by
enhancing groundwater recharge via infiltration.
Loss of life
Effects
Economic
disruption
Core Problem
Asset loss
Loss of investor
Confidence
More frequent, more extensive
and deeper floods in Bangkok
Urban Drainage
Natural
Causes
Disease
Man Made
Rainfall
Rapid urbanization
Topography
Decreased storage capacity
up&down stream
Climate Change
Higher peak flows Back log of maintenance
Inadequate operation
Tidal cycle
Sea level rise
Insufficient environmental
awareness
Encroachment of river corridors
Indiscriminate Solid waste
dumping
Inadequate/insufficient
measures
Land subsidence (ground water
abstraction)
Loss of retention basins, open
space and green areas
Over-population
Reduced river and drainage
conveyance capacity
Illegal settlement near rivers &
Canals
Inadequate cooperation
institutions
Insufficient capacity (finance,
HRM, institutions)
The Netherlands
The Hague
Wageningen
Rotterdam
Neeltje Jans
Nijmegen
The Dutch delta
 2/3 of The Netherlands below
sea level
 Long history in building dikes
and polders to protect the
people and industry /
agriculture from floods coming
from sea and rivers
 Last large flood: 1 February
1953
 Delta Works: Hard coastal
defenses and river dike
improvements
The Dutch delta
The Delta Works
 Shortening the total length of
the dikes by 700 kilometres
 Improved agricultural
freshwater supply
 Improved water balance and
manipulation of the Delta area.
Improved infrastructure and
mobility in Zeeland
 Support inland waterways
shipping.
 New developments in the
areas of nature and recreation
The Dutch delta
Eastern Scheldt Barrier (1)
•
Eastern Scheldt Barrier
 Integrated design
 Safety: Protect the land against
the sea
 Infrastructure: road connection
 Environmental: Unique
ecosystem with a wide variety of
wildlife (original plan was a
closed dike)
 Economic: Structure decreases
the length of dike improvements
inland (saving in costs and
O&M)
The Dutch delta
Eastern Scheldt Barrier (2)
The Dutch delta
Maeslant Barrier (1)
•
Maasvlakte I
 High intensity waterway traffic
(Port of Rotterdam)
 Large urban area with high
economic value
 High discharges from the river
 Dike improvement in old city
centers of Rotterdam and
Dordrecht difficult
 Solution: movable barrier
downstream of Rotterdam to
protect the city
The Dutch delta
Maeslant Barrier (2)
The Dutch delta
 History & Future
Watervision
(2007)
Deltacommittee
(2008)
National Waterplan
2009 - 2015
Example: Past Approach
P1
2001
P2
P3
2015
P4
P5
2100
Way of working with Grand design
Instead of:
1
2
3
4
5
6
2100
2010
Work with grand design or long term vision, secondly back casting to present
and subsequently work with regular plans
2
3
2010
2100
1
100330
16
The Dutch delta
“Watervision 2007”
 Climate change -> adaptation
 Long term vision up to 2100
 Sustainable solutions: People-Planet-Profit
 In the future:
- Higher sealevel
- More water from the rivers
- In the summer more often droughts
Advice from “Delta Committee” (Veerman)
Results in Dutch Water Plan
The Dutch delta
Long term vision
 “A living land builds for it’s future”
 2/3 flood-prone, 9 million
inhabitants, 65% GNP, 1800
billion invested value
The Dutch delta
Safety against flooding
 Increase safety levels for all inhabitants
 Spatial planning for risk area’s
 Evacuation plans
 New concepts of strong or even “unbreakable”
levees
 Continue “Room for Rivers”
 Enforce coastal zone using sand (“building with
nature”)
The Dutch delta
Fresh water supplies
 Netherlands has plenty fresh water, but ….
in the near future more droughts en more
saltwater penetration from the sea
 Fresh water essential for agriculture, industry,
drinking water, etcetera
 Investigate what to do
- Optimize water usage on local level
- IJsselmeer
- Protect groundwater supplies
The Dutch delta
Vision -> Coastal zone
The Dutch delta
Vision -> Rivers
The Dutch delta
Vision -> IJsselmeer
Cooperation with other deltas in the world
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Permanent cooperation with deltas in the world
Exchanging knowledge and experience
Focus on climate change and Millennium
Development Goals
Technical + governance
Government, science, NGO’s & private sector
together!
Delta Dialogue sustainable development
Process model for a sustainable delta development process
 Three individual but inseparably linked pillars:
- Result;
- Support;
- Innovation.
 The Pillars are related to:
- the content of a process;
- the actors who are involved in the process;
- the wider context in which the process
is taking place and has an effect.
 All three pillars are equally important.
 Managing on the basis of only one or two pillars increases the risk of an
ineffective process.
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