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Air Quality/Transport and Low
Emissions: The National
Perspective
Care4Air 2009
Robert Vaughan
National and Local Air Quality
Defra
17 September 2009
Overview
• Is air quality improving?
• Meeting NO2 limits
• National and local Action
• Low emission cities the way forward?
• Transport, air quality and carbon
Is Air Quality Improving?
Particulate matter
• Urban background particulate levels averaged 19 micrograms per
cubic metre (μg m-3) in 2008 compared to 22 μg m-3 in 2007.
• Overall decreasing trend since 1993.
• Roadside particulate levels averaged 26 μg m-3 in 2008
compared to 27 μg m-3 in 2007.
• A general downward trend since 1997, although decline has
slowed since 2001 and has been subject to increased fluctuation.
Nitrogen Dioxide
• Meeting limit value over nearly all UK land area and
population; and
• at 65.50% of UK urban road network
Euro Standards for HGVs
• Vehicle Emission
standards have
improved since 1992
• Improvements will
continue to 2015 and
beyond
Annual average concentration
(µg m-3) for NO2 and PM10
Indicator NO2
140
Monitored
Modelled
NO2 projected
120
100
NO2 max (projected)
NO2 and grav.PM10 annual
mean LV
80
Indicator grav.PM10
60
grav.PM10 projected
40
grav.PM10 max
Time
2019
2017
2015
2013
2011
2009
2007
2005
2003
grav.PM10 daily LV (annual
mean equivalent)
2001
0
1999
grav.PM10 max (projected)
1997
20
1995
Annual average concentration (µg m -3)
NO2 max
Climate Change: Opportunities and risks
Air Quality Good
FGD
TWC-Petrol
DPF-Diesel
Climate
Change
Bad
Uncontrolled coal
and oil fossil fuels in
stationary and
mobile sources
Energy Efficiency
Demand
Management
Nuclear
Wind, solar, tidal...
Hybrids, L & Z EVs
CCS
Increase in
‘uncontrolled’ diesel
Biofuels
Biomass
CHP
Air Quality Bad
Climate
Change
Good
Air Quality is improving but...
• Reductions appear to be plateauing,
• Particulates have no safe limit and further progress is needed on
fine particles (PM2.5)
• Reduced emissions not consistently leading to reduced levels at
roadsides
• Still exceeding NO2 annual limit value alongside major roads in
many towns and cities
• UK and other major Member States need more time to meet
NO2LV
• Climate change is presenting new challenges: diesel, biomass
Meeting the NO2 limit value
• Directive 2008/50/EC adopted June 2008 allows Member States
to seek more time to meet NO2 limit value deadlines
• Most major member states are expected to apply for NO2
extension
• Must submit details of measures taken and planned to meet limit
value and where necessary detail further measures that will be
taken to meet limit value
• UK considering national measures and will work with local
authorities to review evidence and action plans
• Likely to consult on application early 2010 and apply Summer
2010
National and Local Action on Air Quality
• National
• National Measures to incentivise vehicle improvement
• Defra/LA Air Quality Summit – lead by Ministers and LGA
• Consultation on action to meet NO2 limit value by 2015
• Use measures in focused way eg
• significant sources of emissions eg HGVs/bus fleets in target areas,
• key urban areas – ~ 70% of exceedences in 6 urban areas
• Local
• Consult local authorities to confirm the national picture and review action
plans and further measures
• Review Local Air Quality Mgmt and action planning
• Bring together synergies from transport planning, land use planning and
Climate Change
• Low emissions strategies encompassing technology, planning and
behaviour.
Low Emission Cities and regions
Urban planning
Construction
mgmt
Community
engagement
Freight mgt
Transport
planning
Bus
partnership
Low emission
Vehicles
NI 194
Contact details
Air Quality and Transport
Iain Forbes
Department for Transport
DfT is committed to delivering a sustainable
transport system
DfT policies have had a significant impact on
vehicle pollutant emissions
DfT is keen to integrate air quality with wider
transport policy and planning
DfT is committed to delivering a
sustainable transport system
DfT’s policies have had a significant
impact on vehicle pollutant emissions
DfT is keen to integrate air quality with
wider transport policy and planning
Iain Forbes
Environment Policy and Delivery
Head of Air Quality Strategy Branch
Zone 1/33
Great Minster House
76 Marsham Street
London SW1P 4DR
Tel: +44 (0)20 7944 6301
Fax: +44 (0)20 7944 2512
[email protected]