Transcript Vulnerability and Adaptation of the Adriatic and Ionian Sea

Impacts of Climate Change and Vulnerabilities in
Ionian and Adriatic Coastal Zones
12-13 July, 2010
Szentendre, Hungary
Gamze Çelikyılmaz-Aydemir
Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe
Outline
Physical geography
Biodiversity & ecosystems
Climate impacts (projected)
Vulnerabilities
Major vulnerabilities
Adaptation efforts/initiatives
Conclusion
Physical Geography
The east coast is generally bold and rocky, with
many islands
Istrian and Dalmatian areas, Venice shores and Po
River Delta are low and sandy
Ionian Sea area is one of the most seismic areas in
the world. Sea level variety due to seismic and
hydrometeorological factors.
Biodiversity & Ecosystems
Rich in biodiversity due to variety of ecosystems
and zonal biomes
Endemic flora of 2,800 species in Balkans, 700 in
Italy
Endemic fauna of 4777 species in Italy
Endangered Mediterranean monk seal, Balkan lynx,
vulnerable Balkan Heath, etc...
Climate impacts (projected)
Seasonal Avarage Temperature Change
(Giannakopoulos et al., 2009)
For 2031-2060, compared to 1960-1990
Temperature extremes
Annual maximum For 2031-2060,
compared to 1960-1990
 2-3 °C of increase in
annual avarage max. Up
to 4 °C inland
Annual mean
Annuan minimum
 2-3 °C of increase in
whole Balkan territory
Number of hot days
Increase in summer days
For 2031-2060, compared to
1960-1990
Up to 8 weeks of increase in
summer in central Med.
Up to 7 weeks increase inđ
Ionian Sea
Increase in hot days
Increase in heat wave days
Other Impacts
Temperature increase in Mediterranean Sea surface
1980-1990: 0.3 °C
1993-2003: 0.75 °C (five times more than in the other seas and oceans),
2030–39: 1.1 °C
2090–99: 3.6 °C
Temperature increase in Adriatic
1993–2003: 0.87 °C
Extension of dry season by 1-3 weeks in Ionian and Adriatic Seas
Sea Level rise: (variable data due to several factors)
Rovinj -0.50 mm/y; Split -0.82mm/y; Bakar +0.53mm/y; Dubrovnik
+0.96mm/y,
tectonically and seismically active zone, seasonal climate, sea water
temperature
Vulnerabilities (natural systems)
Coastal areas (increased flooding and erosion)
Drought, water shortages,
Declines in water quality (salt water intrusion),
Loss of biodiversity and degradation of natural
ecosystems
Vulnerabilities (Economic sectors)
Agriculture
Energy
Tourism
Local and
Fisheries
National
Infrastructure
socio-economy
Health
Sustainable Development
society
economy environment
society
economy
Major Vulnerabilities (Natural Systems)
Countries
Vulnerabilities
Econmic sectors
Albania
Coastal flood, 3 moths ago, flood in northern Albania, economic impacts
a task force created lead by the prime minister. Identified measures for
such events and environmental problems. Econmic damage identified
coastal erosion, coastal retreat detected
river floods, UNDP project for identification of adaptation measures for
Mati River delta, energy supply majorly dependant , a set of indicators
have been identified
drought,
decline in water quality,too much to do in the field, the natinal quality
indicators exist, 8 agncies dealing with several aspects for data gathering,
need to increase capacity in this area, management of river basins, at the
moment priority of the Ministry. Approximation of Albanian legislatin,
action plan for one of the river basins in albania
Biodiversity loss
BiH
Coastal flood,
coastal erosion,
Major Vulnerabilities (Natural Systems)
Macedonia
Coastal flood,
coastal erosion,
river floods,
drought,
decline in water quality,
Biodiversity loss
Montenegro
Coastal flood,
coastal erosion,
river floods,
drought,
decline in water quality,
Biodiversity loss
Serbia
Coastal flood,
coastal erosion,
river floods,
drought,
decline in water quality,
Adaptation
Efforts for Adaptation (International)
The Mediterranean Action Plan (MAP)
The Blue Plan is a Regional Activity Centre (BP-RAC) of the MAP
The Priority Actions Programme Regional Activity Centre (PAP/RAC)
The Coastal and Marine Union (EUCC)
The South Eastern Europe Disaster Risk Mitigation and Adaptation
Program (SEEDRMAP)
CIRCLE-MED is a geographical group in the frame of CIRCLE ERANet.
EurOcean is a focal point for information on marine science and
technology in Europe.
The Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) developed a Regional
Action Plan for Eastern and Central Europe in 2005 and a Regional
Action Plan for the Mediterranean basin in 2006.
Efforts for Adaptation (National)
Albania:
developed the National Adaptation Plan,
no coastal zone specific adaptation policy
studies to identify adaptation measures
Montenegro:
no national climate change adaptation policy.
no coastal zone specific CC adaptation policy
Involved in a number of regional and trans-national adaptation initiatives, and try to
increase its preparedness to climate change-induced disasters.
Croatia:
coastal planning legislation incorporates basic coastal protection measures against
unregulated building, and to protect historic structures.
no legislation for adapting to sea level rise
no obligation for CC to be considered in coastal planning.
no cost estimates for adaptation to climate change in coastal zones
Conclusion
Impacts of climate change in the Western Balkan region
show several similarities regardless of countries
Lack of data availability on impacts, vulnerabilities and
adaptation options in the region
Lack of legislation and CC adaptation specific policies &
measures
International cooperation vs. regional cooperation
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