Transcript emissions from highly organic soils Jo Smith & Helen Flynn

Developing a model of
methane (and other GHG) emissions
from highly organic soils
Jo Smith & Helen Flynn
School of Biological Sciences
University of Aberdeen
SEERAD / NAW Project with
What will happen to SOC stocks
in 21st Century? Grassland, A1FI
Factors not included in
ROTH-C or SUNDIAL
• Effects of soil pH
• Methane emissions
• Losses as dissolved organic carbon
ROTH-C (Jenkinson et al, 1977);
SUNDIAL (Bradbury et al, 1993; Smith et al, 1996)
Best-practices
guidelines on
effects of
conversion to
forestry
Best-practice
guidelines on the
agricultural use
of organic soils
C loss from
accelerated
erosion of
organic soils
Distribution of
organic soils
Model to
simulate
C and N
cycling in
organic soils
Effects of land use
and climate change
on release of
dissolved organic
matter from
organic soils
= use of model outputs
= flow of data
Effects of landuse and climate
change on GHG
emissions from
organic soils
Estimates of changes
in C and N balance of
organic soils from
Countryside surveys
of Scotland and Wales
Some models of methane emissions
Wetland-DNDC
Zhang et al, 2002
Arah & Stephen model
Arah & Stephen, 1998
Linked ForHyM2
Clair et al, 2002
TEM and methane
Zhuang et al, 2003;
Cao et al, 1998
Kettunen model
Kettunen, 2002
Ecosystem source model
Christensen et al, 1996
EXTERNAL
• Dynamic model (eg. BIOTA)
• Static model (eg. MIAMI)
• Satellite estimates
Carbon Component
of Organic Soils Model
CH4
INPUTS
NPP
LU Type
CO2
RPM
Soil
level
CO2
DPM
Methane
Oxidation
EXTERNAL
• Dynamic hydrology
model (eg. SWIM)
• HOST classes
• Measurements
CH4
Meth.
Oxid.
BIO
Decomposition
IOM
HUM
Water
level
INPUTS
Max.Water
level
Rain,PET
INPUTS
Air Temp
Texture
Module
Water
Module
Decomposition
Drivers
pH
pH Module
INPUTS
Soil
Parameters
DOC
EXTERNAL
• Dynamic model (eg. BIOTA)
• Static model (eg. MIAMI)
• Satellite estimates
Nitrogen Component
of Organic Soils Model
N2O
& N2
NH3
Plant N
INPUTS
NPP, LU Type
DPM
RPM
Soil
level
NH4+
EXTERNAL
• Dynamic hydrology
model (eg. SWIM)
• HOST classes
• Measurements
Water
level
NO3
INPUTS
Max.Water
level
Rain,PET
Leached N
BIO
-
Water
Module
INPUTS
Air Temp
Decomposition
Decomposition
Drivers
Acidity
Acidity Module
IOM
HUM
Texture
Module
INPUTS
Soil
Parameters
What will happen to SOC stocks
in 21st Century? Grassland, A1FI
Pete Smith1, Jo Smith1, Helen Flynn1, Ken Killham1,
Ignacio Rangel1, Ronnie Milne2, Ute Skiba2, David Fowler2,
Mike Billett2, Steve Chapman3, Willie Towers3, John Bell3,
Ann Malcolm3, David Lumsdon3, Bente Foereid3,
Brian Reynolds4, Chris Evans4, Zoë Frogbrook4, Ian Bradley5,
Marianne McHugh5, Pete Falloon6
School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen
2 Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (Edinburgh)
3 Macaulay Institute
4 Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (Bangor)
5 National Soils Resources Institute, University of Cranfield
6 Rothamsted Research
1