Transcript 3.3-Global-Climate-Change

APES 3/3 AND 3/4
Please get a laptop and
get out the modules 6364 organizer
TEST TOPICS
Module 46: Primary and secondary air pollutants;
sources and effects; natural vs. anthropogenic
 Module 47: Photochemical smog and acid rain; causes
and effects
 Module 48: Pollution control measures
 Module 49: Ozone depletion (this is the level you need to
know, not my PPT)
 Module 50: Indoor air pollution (this is the level you need
to know, not group presentations)
 Module 62: greenhouse effect, anthro. vs. natural sources
of GG’s; rankings
 Module 63: General data trends and how they’re
collected; positive and negative loops
 Module 64: Consequences of climate change; Kyoto basics

LAB BOOK CHECK- MONDAY
1.
2.
3.
4.
Tropospheric Ozone Lab (finish analysis questions)
Bhopal Article Summary
Indoor Air Pollution calculations (p. 2, 4 only)
Smog City Packet (p. 5 only)
MODULE 63 AND 64 MULTIPLE CHOICE
Module 63
Module 64
1. A
2. D
3. C
4. B
5. E – increased
photosynthesis
counteracts excess CO2
1. A
2. D
3. D
4. E
5. B
END OF CHAPTER 19 MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
A- volcanic ash blocks sun
D
E
E
A
A
C
E
C
D
C
HOMEWORK ACCURACY CHECK
1.
2.
3.
4.
Module 62: rank the 5 greenhouse gases
according to their warming potential
Module 63: #10 Draw ONE of the two feedback
loops
Module 64: #5 Address COLD SPELLS only
End of Chapter MC: What is the answer to #10?
FINISH VIDEO

Swap info to get complete notes and share with
me for a grade
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
GLOBAL WARMING VS. CLIMATE CHANGE?
NASA Finds 2011 Ninth-Warmest Year on Record
(since 1880)
 Since 1998, only two years have not been in the top 15
warmest years on record- ever.

BUT IT IS MORE COMPLICATED THAN THAT…

Wet areas will get wetter and dry areas drier
TOP 3 INFLUENCERS OF CLIMATE
SUN – WITHOUT IT WE WOULD BE EITHER
TOO HOT OR TOO COLD!
Amount of sun reaching Earth varies- solar storms
occur every few years, dumping huge amounts of
energy into the atmosphere
 If solar storms were the cause of increased global
temps, we would see temps increasing most in the
summer and nearest to the equator (most sunlight)
 Not consistent with data- winter shows greatest temp
increase and poles are most affected.
 Greenhouse gases are the more likely cause

GREENHOUSE EFFECT – IT’S NOT A BAD THING!
Greenhouse
Effect!
GREENHOUSE GASSES
Absorb and release solar radiation that is being
reflected from the Earth’s surface
 Major Greenhouse gasses:
 Water Vapor (H2O)
 Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
 Methane (CH4)
 Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
 Chlorofluorcarbons (CFCs)

SOURCES OF GREENHOUSE GASSES
 Carbon
dioxide  Burning of fossil
fuels and deforestation
 Methane  Production of coal and
intensive agriculture (cows & rice)
 Nitrous Oxide  Feedlots,
manufacture of fertilizers, and
burning of fossil fuels
WHY IS CO2 THE PRIMARY CONCERN?
Even though it
doesn’t trap
as much heat,
there is a
huge amount
of it compared
to the other
GHGs
CO2 FLUCTUATES THROUGHOUT THE YEAR –
WHY?
RECENT CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE
GLOBALLY
THE OCEAN
Atmosphere-ocean interaction
OCEAN ABSORPTION OF CO2
 Photosynthesis
by
Phytoplankton
 Diffusion
 CO2 + H2O 
H2CO3
 Impact on
atmosphere?
 Less CO2
 Impact on ocean?
 More acidic
FEEDBACK LOOPS
If the temperature is increasing, how will this
impact the amount of CO2 that can dissolve in
the ocean?
 It will decrease, gasses dissolve less in warm
water.
 Is this an example of Positive or Negative
Feedback?
 Positive Feedback
 As the climate warms, less CO2 will be dissolved
in the ocean from the atmosphere, which means
there will be more CO2 in the atmosphere to
increase the warming effect

DO YOU REMEMBER CONVECTION
CIRCULATION AND UPWELLING?
Where is High
and Low
Pressure?
High
Pressure
OCEAN CIRCULATION AND CLIMATE EL NINO – SOUTHERN OSCILLATION (ENSO)
OCEAN CIRCULATION – EL NINO
Normal Conditions
Wetter/Low pressure
in Western Pacific
 Dry/High pressure in
Eastern Pacific
 Upwelling along
Eastern Pacific

ENSO – El Nino Southern
Oscillation
Starts in winter months
 El Nino causes trade
winds to weaken and
reverse
 Impacts?
 Drought in W. Pacific
 Heavy rain in E. Pacific
 Upwelling stops Declines in fisheries in E.
Pacific

LA NINA
Opposite of El Nino!!
 A cooling event, through most of the
Pacific
 Link between El Nino and
increasing greenhouse gasses in
atmosphere?

IS A EL NINO OR LA NINA DEVELOPING
OCEAN CIRCULATION AND CLIMATE –
THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION
Warm, fresh water
near surface
 Cold, salty water
(denser) in the deep
 Ocean Conveyor
Belt/Heat Pump
 What would happen if
big chunks of
Greenland melted?
 Could stop heat pump
and trigger cooling

POSSIBLE IMPACTS

Melting snow/ice increasing sea level

Agriculture
Certain crops won’t grown in some areas anymore
 Growing seasons will change


Loss of Biodiversity/Species shifts
Changes in food resources and suitable habitat
 Change in migration patterns


Forestry
Increases in insects & other pests
 Drought & more fire


Health


Increase in diseases that thrive in warm climates
Economics
LAND ICE VARIATIONS
http://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/land-ice/
 Climate change deniers will cite the fact that some sea
ice is thickening on the east side of Antarctica
 Land ice = 1000x thicker than sea ice

OTHER POSSIBLE FEEDBACKS OF WARMER
WEATHER
Negative Feedbacks
More trees/algae grow
to take in CO2
 More evaporation 
more clouds reflecting
solar radiation
 Increases in aerosols
(particulates from
pollution, volcanoes,
etc) could absorb
and/or block heat

Positive Feedbacks
Warmer weather
causes permafrost to
melt and release CH4
 Snow melts so amount
of reflected solar
radiation decreases
 More evaporation 
more water vapor in
troposphere (which is
a GHG)

OUR RESPONSE?
Mitigation
Reduce greenhouse
gasses
 Use less electricity:
Conservation and/or
Efficiency
 Use alternative fuels

Adaptation
Respond to impacts of
the changes
 Build seawalls
 Change farming
practices

INTERNATIONAL TREATIES

BIG QUESTIONS:
Voluntary vs. Mandatory?
 Who enforces them?

1988: Creation of the International Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC) – becomes THE major
player
 http://www.ipcc.ch/index.htm
 1992: UN Framework Convention on Climate
Change (FCCC)

Voluntary
 Signed by 150 countries including the U.S.
 Reduction of GHGs by 2000 to 1990 limits

KYOTO PROTOCOL – MEETING HAPPENED
IN DECEMBER OF 1997





Goal: Reduce GHGs to 5%
below 1990 levels by 2012
Would be legally binding
when 55% of world’s
emissions are accounted for
Did not take legal effect
until 2/2005
Only UN countries not to
sign – Afghanistan,
Andorra, South Sudan, and
U.S. (Canada pulled out
12/11)
Divides countries into
Annex I, Annex II, &
Developing

Annex I – Industrialized


Annex II – Industrialized &
Financially responsible for
helping developing countries
meet target


Australia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada,
Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Japan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Monaco, Netherlands, New Zealand,
Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey,
Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America
Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States of
America
Developing
CONFERENCES OF THE PARTIES (COP 21)
2015 climate change talks occurred in Paris
 Agreement reached to try to keep temp. increase
under 2 degrees C by year 2100
 Each country submits an action plan and reports
in every 5 years starting in 2020

http://www.cop21.gouv.fr/en/more-detailsabout-the-agreement/
DUE NEXT TIME
Study for test and prepare lab book!
 Complete the greenhouse gases phet tutorial
