Transcript Status of vegetable production in the republic and

STATUS OF VEGETABLE
PRODUCTION IN THE REPUBLIC
and
its perspectives for sustainable
development in changing climate
conditions
Dr R. Mavlyanova, AVRDC-The World Vegetable Center, Regional coordinator
Dr. R. Khakimov, Director of the Uzbek Research Institute of Vegetable, Melon Crops & Potato
Dr. A. Rustamov, Director of the Uzbek Research Institute of Plant Industry
Prof. L. Gafurova, Vice-rector of the Tashkent State Agrarian University
THE POPULATION GROWTH IN THE WORLD
2000
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
The Population Growth in CAC Region
Population
(July 2007
est.)
Population
growth
rate
(2007 est.)
Armenia
2,971,650
-0.129%
Azerbaijan
8,120,247
0.688%
Georgia
4,646,003
-0.329%
Kazakhstan
15,284,929
0.352%
Kyrgyzstan
5,284,149
1.354%
Tajikistan
7,076,598
1.895%
Turkmenistan
5,097,028
1.617%
27,780,059
1.732%
76,260,663
0.9%
Countries
Uzbekistan
TOTAL:
Source: www. The World Fact Book
The population living
below poverty line
43.9%
Vegetables: The key source of
micronutrients
The Crucial Gap: Lack of High Value Nutrition
Deficiency in
= HUNGER
голодают
≥ 0.83 billion underweight
calories + protein
= MICRONUTRIENT
DEFICIENCY
Недостаток питания
Deficiency in
vitamins & minerals
Excess of
calories
= OVERCONSUMPTION
Избыточное питание
2 – 3.5 billion
malnourished
≥ 1.1 billion overweight
Uzbekistan:
Total area – 447400 km2
arable – 11%
pasture – 46%
forest – 3%
rivers and lakes – 4,9%
www.geopolitics.ru/states/uzbekistan.htm
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Ar
m
Area, ha
Sowing area and vegetable production in Central
Asia and the Caucasus (1992-2007)
CAC countries
CAC countries
Area,1992
Area, 2007
Source: FAOSTAT data
Production 1992
Production 2007
Sowing area, production, yield and consumption of
vegetables in Uzbekistan in 2004-2007
A r ea
P r oduct io n
250000
6000000
200000
4000000
150000
A r ea
100000
P r oduct io n
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0
1
2
3
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4
2
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Y ie ld
Production
of vegetables in
Uzbekistan
19901992
19951997
20032005
260000
240000
220000
Y ie ld
200000
kg/person/year
117
70
80
180000
1
Source: FAOSTAT data
2
3
4
Central Asian Origin Center of Cultivated Crops
Northwest India (Punjab, the Northwest Boundary province, Kashmir), whole
Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Western Tian-Shan
Cucumis melo L
Secondary center
Lagenaria vulgaris Ser
Secondary center
Daucus carota L.
Primary center
Brassica campestris L.,
Primary center
ssp. Rapifera Sinsk,
Raphanus sativus L.
Secondary center
Allium cepa l.(sensu lato)
Primary center, wild relatives exist
Allium. sativum L
Primary center, wild relatives exist
Spinacia oleracea L.
Primary center, wild relatives exist
Portulaca oleracea L.
Secondary center
Ocimum basilicum l.
Main center
Priority vegetable crops in Central Asia
•Tomato
•Onion
•Carrot
•Cabbage
•Cucumber
•Melon
•Watermelon
Challenges of Vegetable Sector
• Relatively low yield (20 t/ha) & per capita
supply (80-100 kg/year)
• High input costs, limited labor supply
• Extremely seasonal; 15% come from Nov. to
Mar.
• Lack of diversity; tomato, onion, cabbage &
watermelon cover >60% of the total supply
• Poor farm-to-market infrastructure & postharvest handling
• Limited purchasing power of domestic
consumers
• Policy of self-sufficiency in cereals >
production of high value vegetables
Key points
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Food security
Adoption to climate change
Rational use of natural resources
Sustainable agriculture system
Employment
Householders’ encouragement
Livelihood
Regional strategy on vegetable crops
• To increase the vegetable output, improve nourishment
and income and well being of poor though PGR
conservation, their involvement in research activity and
establishment of high productivity varieties for
introduction into production and other issues oriented on
agriculture development and food security
• The funding system and mechanism are the key terms of
the regional strategy implementation
Collaboration in Uzbekistan
The Uzbek Research
Institute of Vegetable,
Melon Crops & Potato
AVRDC –
The World Vegetable Center
Our mission:
Alleviate poverty and
malnutrition
in the developing world
through increased production
and consumption
of safe vegetables
The Uzbek
Research
Institute of Plant
Industry
The Samarkand
Agricultural
The Tashkent State Agrarian
University
Institute
The Uzbek Research Institute of Vegetable,
Melon Crops & Potato
RESEARCH:
• Breeding of vegetable and melon crops
• Seed growing
• Breeding and seed production of potato
• Technologies (improved cultivation technology, safe vegetable
production, in-vitro technology, and etc.)
• Plant protection
• Physiology, bio chemistry and agro chemistry
• Protected ground
• Economics
• Capacity building
• Information distribution and publications
• Workshops, trainings
The Uzbek Research Institute of Vegetable, Melon Crops &
Potato
67 varieties have been included in the State register
The Uzbek Research Institute of Plant Industry
•
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Collection and introduction of genetic
resources of agricultural crops
Quarantine control of introduced
material
Conservation of plant genepool and
data base
Complex evaluation and submission
of sources and donors of valuable
features to breeding institutions
Introduction into production of nontraditional for the region crops.
PGR CONSERVATION
World collections in UzRIPI: Grain Crops- 21969, Industrial Crops- 11068, Fodder
Crops- 649, FruitUzRIPI
Crops and
Grape- 3906,
Vegetable Crops- 5755 accessions
Genepool
Composition
Cereals
50,7%
Industrial
Crops 25%
Fruit Crops
Fodder Crops and Grape
9,0%
1,5%
Vegetables
and melons
12,7%
CONSERVATION
• UzRIPI Genebank is the first genebank
of plant genetic resources in the
Central Asia
• World collections seeds of agricultural
crops which are richest source of
initial material for breeding of new
high quality cultivars for the future
generation are conserved here
• Now more 23 thousand accessions of
50 different agricultural crops were
puted to UzRIPI Genebank for middleterm conservation.
The Tashkent State Agrarian University
and
The Samarkand Agricultural Institute
• Capacity building for the agriculture
• Research work on various topics
Challenges of Research on Vegetables
• Almost all institutes are experienced the fund shortage
• Limited funds for conservation and evaluation of PGR
• Loss of local varieties due to the gradual closing down the
seed production activity
• Personnel capacity building needs to be strengthened
• Limited funds and lack of projects oriented toward
research of vegetable crops
Priority activities for Vegetable R&D
•Alternative for farmers: to use of low cost or
high cost technologies
•Improved vegetable cultivation technologies
(drip irrigation, mulching, IPM and etc.)
•Resource save vegetable cultivation
technologies
•Safe vegetable production
•New improved varieties with different
duration period
•Supplying with a high quality seeds
•Infrastructure development for production,
processing and marketing
•Vegetables export potential
•Business development
РП 
П
* 100%
СС
Profitableness
Involvement of the private sector, farms
and other institutions
•
Farmers’ interest in indigenous varieties’ cultivation can be
improved through their provision with high-grade seeds and
production technologies for the important indigenous vegetable
crops, as well as via establishment of the output markets
•
Vegetable crop cultivation will facilitate additional jobs creating
and women involvement in the output cultivation and marketing
•
Joint research with farmers on various directions, pilot field
establishment, workshop arrangement and guideline
dissemination.
Proposals for research development in
terms of climate change
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Development of vegetable research on various
directions is very important: PGR, breeding, IPM, seed
production, improved cultivation technologies,
diversification, economic assessment, marketing, and
etc.
Development of material and technical basis in
research institutes, universities and farms
Investment for increase research development and
introduction of new crops varieties with a higher yield
and improved practices into vegetable production in
various agro ecologies of the republic
Priority crops definition for a food security and
sustainable vegetable production
Research on influence of climate change on crops’
productivity in agriculture, income of farmers,
consumption and a health of population
•
Breeding and seed growing
– interconnected process
of agriculture crops variety
improvement
Priorities of Vegetable Variety Improvement
• Survey of biotic and abiotic stresses of vegetable production
systems
• Establishment of database on the existing breeding research,
and formalization of the breeding network
• Prioritization of consolidated breeding research targets and
strategies for implementation
• Collection, characterization and conservation of indigenous
genetic resources
• Exchange and testing of promising varieties
• Training of young researchers on both conventional and
modern breeding research methodologies
• Joint efforts of public and private sectors on the development of
vegetable seed system
Research priorities in seed production:
• Enlarging research on vegetable seed growing
• Improvement of the seed production technology
• Identification of the most favourable zones for seed
growing within relevant countries
• Improvement of harvest methods and post harvest seed
treatment
• Deepening of the research on assessment of seedling and
non-seedling method of seed growing to produce seeds of
biennial vegetable crops
• Development of the integral pre-harvest seed preparation
system
Proposals for research development in
terms of climate change (cont.)
In the context of climate projections for the future
and temperature increasing, a more marginal
and risky agricultural production environment:
•
Heat resistant, drought resistant and salt
tolerant vegetable crops’ varieties development
•
Introduction of non-traditional crops
•
Vegetable production in off-season time in
greenhouses and tunnels
Vegetable production in off-season time
• Drip irrigation, hydroponics
Proposals for research development in
terms of climate change (cont.)
In mean annual precipitation in summer increase:
–
Development of appropriated varieties, resistant to
diseases and flooding
–
Improved technologies adoption
Increased exposure to new pests and diseases for
agricultural crops and adoption of existing pests
–
IPM, resistant varieties development
A progressive worsening of the projected water deficit:
–
Drip irrigation and hydroponics technologies adoption
–
Improved early maturing varieties development
–
Vegetable legumes use for a soil fertility improvement
Crop diversification
•
Early maturing, high yielding legumes crops’ varieties for soil fertility
improvement
Proposals for research development
in terms of climate change (cont.)
Increasing of length of growing season:
– Changed cropping system, crop
diversification, new crops introduction,
including non-traditional crops, early
maturing varieties for repeated crops
– Increasing farm income through off-season
production of high value vegetables under
affordable solar-energy based greenhouse
Transfer of materials,
technologies & tools
Technical assistance &
cooperation programs
Capacity Building
bridging the gap
Supply & management
of information
Training
Strategies for Capacity
Building
Regional collaboration
& partnerships
Information Dissemination
through Farmers Days, Exhibitions, News Letters,
Posters, Leaflets and Data Base
Capacity building
•Improvement of educational programs in universities,
institutes and schools
•Skill formation, professional improvement and trainings of
executive stuff, specialists and farmers
•Information distribution
•Integrating biodiversity in the intensification of vegetable
production and market systems
•International collaboration potential development
Thank you for your attention!