Transcript Social MPA networks

Philippines 2
Objectives
 Introduce the cohort
 Introduce the rationale for the TOC
 Overview of the Cohort Generic TOC
Overarching theme for the Cohort
 "Scaling up MPAs towards multi-Municipal
ecological, social and institutional MPA
networks“ as a Climate Change strategy for the
Philippines
Importance
The threat:
 Only 10%-20% of Philippine MPAs are functioning
effectively (Arceo, H, Aliño, P and Gonzales, R; 2008).
 Inconsistent MPA management and enforcement have
allowed a tendency for over-fishing and destructive fishing
in and around MPAs to become socially tolerated.
 The result has been a dramatic reduction in biomass and
ecosystem integrity, a trend which is now being amplified
by the increasing effects of climate change (Brander et al.
2007; Chavez 2003; Hoegh-Guldberg et al. 2007).
 With 70% of the country’s 1,500 municipalities found on
coastlines, the Philippines is one of the world’s most at-risk
nations from climate change (World Bank 2008, Yusuf and
Francisco 2010).
The enabling conditions & bright
spot:
 The Philippines is a global “bright spot” for coastal
Natural Resource Management.
 Responsibility for MPA management is devolved to the
municipal level and includes a mandate to use
Integrated Costal Resource Management (ICRM) and
the legal structure for TURFs.
 Many Philippine MPAs are achieving success.
Tubbataha and Apo Reef in the national system are
well known, as are the municipal MPA networks of
Dauin (located in Negros Oriental, and the bright spot
inspiration for the PEP II cohort)
The Impact
 By including 15 partners, with each containing several
existing (and/or planned) MPAs, the cohort will
directly address 29 MPAs (nearly 3% of the Philippine
total), representing 1,651 hectares of NTZs in more
than 403,000 hectares of municipal fisheries turfs.
 This program directly follow Rare’s current program
(12 sites, 16 MPAs), which will bring the total number
of marine campaigns in the Philippines to 27 in 2012 –
reaching 28 LGUs (3% of all coastal LGUs).
2 key elements to the Cohort
 Element 1 - Building a foundation for local, municipal
and network turfs
 Element 2 - Scaling-up impact through multi-LGU MPA
networks:
Building on 3 types of MPA
network
 Ecological MPA networks – Meaning MPAs should be appropriately sized,
placed and spaced to effectively function as an ecological network and achieve
conservation results (biodiversity goals in the context of climate adaptation).
In shorthand, often referred to within Rare as “the science”.
 Social MPA networks – Social MPA networks facilitate learning and
coordination of administration and planning by linking the people and
institutions involved in MPA in a coordinated and holistic initiative. The social
portion of the network allows stakeholders and communities to coordinate
their activities and share experiences with each other. This is where the
strength of Pride social marketing to create supportive social conditions really
comes in.
 Institutional MPA networks – This part of the network is establishing the
institutions and long term funding to ensure effective management,
enforcement and an institutional capability to introduce and run more formal
rights-based fisheries management. In Rare’s parlance, this is the Barrier
Removal.
MPAs in the Philippines
•We have the science, the planning process and the
tools for their management, governance,
effectiveness and monitoring all published and
nicely documented
•1200+ in the Philippines of worlds 4900
•Every year of the 5-10% of countries MPAs fail or
have major problems
•We can’t seem to be able to sustain them
Problems
•are social – it’s not the fish or corals..
•Rules and regulations are not clear / understood
•Unclear on the benefits and advantages of MPA
•Expectations of the MPA not balanced – a small
MPA – small benefit (bank deposit)
•Different community sectors (gleaners, Women,
youth, village officials and other groups were not
included in the planning process)
•Municipal waters are x Ha? Total hectarage sa
MPA is small
Social problems (cont.)
•Focus was only on the fishers, not wider
community
•Objectives were not clear
•Incentive systems unclear
•Political interference
•MPAs for biodiversity conservation, not for
human objectives
PRIDE
 First time we have all embarked on this
 Mestiza of PRIDE (Rare’s approach) and Philippines
marine experience (Methodology keep similar
concepts, Monitoring, PCRA, MPA planning etc).
Our Hypothesis for the
Cohort
Top problems in Philippine MPAs
“Community buy in and ownership and
MPA governance ”
Put Another way with the Proposed
Solution our Hypothesis is..
Top problems in Philippine MPAs
“Community buy in and ownership (Solution =
PRIDE) and
MPA governance (Solution = Comprehensive
Philippines MPA experience in BR) ”
Back to our focus for the cohort
Upgrading our MPAs – Making them
Socially Resilient
Social Marketing campaign to generate ownership and pride
by the WHOLE COMMUNITY with SUPPORT PARTNERS
to “make it “resilient” and socially accepted by over 70-80%
of community and it will sustain forever
Put in place MPA governance
Theory Of Change
•Series of Stepping Stones – done in parallel to
achieve a goal / direction
•The generic Theory of Change is a generalized
TOC for all your sites
•It has evolved from 2 years work with the first
cohort and has been refined to focus on scaling up
MPAs into Networks
•Your site based TOC is a draft road map – that you
will be able to refine for each of your sites and as
you get new pieces of information from
(Community, Management committee, partners,
KAP surveys, Reef Monitoring, influential persons
etc.)
K
Increase fishing
community knowledge
of MPA location and
regulations; benefits of
healthy MPAs; and
methods for reporting
infractions.
A
Shift community perceptions
from seeing MPA as restrictions
on fish catches, and declining fish
catches as inevitable, towards
feeling of ownership and
protection of their MPA; and
believing in the importance of
following MPA regulations and
reporting infractions.
IC
Fishing community
discussions help
establish a new “social
norm” to support
effective MPA
management, follow
MPA regulations, and
report infractions.
BR
Improve capacity and incentives for climate
adaptive governance and enforcement of
network MPAs.
Establish clearly defined co-management
agreements between community MPA
management bodies and LGU technical working
groups, supported by LGU clusters, local,
provincial and national institutions under
principles of accountability, transparency,
participation and functionality.
BC
Fishers no longer fish within the MPA
and practice legal fishing practices in
the buffer zone.
Fishers actively manage and monitor
the MPA.
Fishing community actively reports MPA
infractions to proper authorities and
participates in MPA-related activities.
TR
Overfishing, as defined by illegal
intrusions and fishing inside the MPA
and buffer zone (defined as being
500m from MPA boundaries), drops
dramatically, allowing coral and fish
biomass to build up.
CR
By August 2014, improved ecological health
of MPAs, which form part of MPA networks
with combined no-take zones and buffer
zones of 1,651.9 hectares within at least
403,554 hectares of municipal waters, as
demonstrated by 5-10% increase in coral
reef cover, fish and invertebrate diversity
and abundance, and fish biomass, in a
sample of one MPA per MPA network,
leading to improved fish catch per unit of
effort of locals fishing in the waters
surrounding the MPA.
Review of Objectives
Introduce the cohort
Introduce the rationale for the TOC
Overview of the Cohort Generic TOC
Looking forward to
 Getting to know you all
 Building on the first marine cohort which ends in
August, 2012
 Working with you through the ups and downs of 2
years together in an intensive hard work flashed with
some fun and celebrating our experiences together to
take marine conservation to the next level.
From Askals to Philippines 2..
If we get it right here…
Philippines contains 25% of world’s MPAs
Get it right here, influence the global network
Welcome to the Global Network of Rare Conservation
fellows – numbers 215-229 for Rare globally