Transcript Animal Improvement in Tropical regions2

Animal improvement in
the tropics
Written by
Wuttigrai Boonkum
The Arctic
HOT, HOTTER Temperatures have
risen more in the Arctic than in
the tropics.
The Tropics
Studies trend about climate change
Nowadays,
biologists worry primarily
about global warming’s
effects on life in the Arctic
Hot temperature affecting creatures in the tropics
“It’s taken a while for people to start applying the thinking of climate change
to the tropics” says tropical ecologist Catherine Cardelús.
Arctic temperature increases could double
those in the tropics
1.5OC
0.5OC
1961 -------------------> 2010
Year
metabolic changes in each region’s
ectotherms would still be about equivalent.
“You can’t assume that the
temperature patterns tell you
what the effects on biology
will be”
Statistical for cow, milk and consume quantity
1000000
518000
520000
502000
492300
492860
480000
460000
440000
420000
600000
400000
441200
cow (head)
500000
800000
200000
400000
0
2546
2547
2548
2549
2550
Year (B.E.)
Cow (head)
Consume quantity (kg)
Milk production (kg)
Figure 1 Number of dairy cattle, milk production and consume quantity in Thailand
Source: สำนักงำนเศรษฐกิจกำรเกษตร (2550)
consume quantity (kg) / milk production
(kg)
540000
Heat stress
Why is heat stress important ?
January 2003, NASA
July 2003, NASA
Red color is high heat area
Yellow color is moderate heat area
Heat stress on physiology
Heat stress
water intake
respiration
rumination
sweating
feed intake
panting
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University
Why is heat stress important ?
Economic losses
Economic impacts of heat wave on dairy industry about $1 Billion
2003 economic loss $897 to $1500 million in US
2006 California heat wave kills 16,500 dairy cows statewide
>2,000 cattle died in Nebraska during June 2009
2002 to 2007, Summer was the seasons
with the highest of dairy deaths (15,773)
in Italy
How heat stress occur ?
Lower critical temp.
Upper critical temp.
Heat production
Cold stress
Thermoneutral
zone
4-24 oC
Heat stress
Ambient temperature
humidity
Heat stress in the world
ในต่างประเทศ heatv stress สาคัญแค่ไหน
บอกว่าทาไมประเทศไทยถึงสนใจอิทธิพลของ heat stress
รูปโลก มีแผนที่ประเทศไทย ได้ รับอิทธิพลจากลมมรสุม
THI > 72 for production and around 68 for
reproduction are considered to indicate heat
stress in dairy cattle
32
80
30
75
28
70
26
65
24
60
55
22
50
20
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Average air temperature (oC)
85
Month
(a)
Temperature-humidity index
Average relative humidity (%)
Heat stress in Thailand
82
80
78
76
74
72
70
68
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Month
(b)
How to reduce the effects of heat stress ?
Production traits
adjustment of housing
and facilities
Feed and Feeding
management
Crossbreeding system
x
B.indicus
B.taurus
How to reduce the effects of heat stress ?
Fertility traits
avoiding breeding
during hot conditions
estrus synchronization
timed artificial
insemination
Alternative method
Production traits
Housing and Shading
management
Feed and Feeding
management
Crossbreeding system
Genetic
selection
x
B.indicus
B.taurus
Fertility traits
avoiding breeding
during hot season
estrus synchronization
timed artificial
insemination
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What traits are interest to study?
Genetic
selection
Ravagnolo and Misztal, (2000)
• Using regular monthly milk records
• THI information at the collecting date
• Using days open records
How heat stress
affect on genetic ?
National genetic evaluation under hot-humid climates of Thailand
Rectal temperature || milk temp. || physiological responses
Heat
stress
Milk production
Temperature – humidity index; THI
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University
ปั จจัยที่สัมพันธ์ ต่อการเกิดความเครี ยดเนื่องจากร้ อน
ในโคนม
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Length of exposure to heat stress
Level of production
Stage of lactation
Cooling management
Feed consumption
Feed offered
Breed
cattle species
Size of the animal
National genetic evaluation under hot-humid climates of Thailand
Expected benefits :
Improve genetic
performance for
heat tolerance
Increase milk
production level
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University
National genetic evaluation under hot-humid climates of Thailand
Implications :
Threshold point
Estimated breeding value; EBV
Best genetic performance for
milk production
under heat stress conditions
THI
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University
Genetic effect
Animal 1
Animal 2
Ent1
Ent2
No G x E interaction
Animal 2
Ent1
Ent2
Scaling G x E interaction
Genetic effect
Genetic effect
Animal 1
Animal 2
Animal 1
Ent1
Ent2
Reranking G x E interaction