Transcript Eco-tourism: A Potential adaptation strategy to Climate Change in

Eco-tourism: A Potential adaptation
strategy to Climate Change in the
Greater Limpopo Basin - Eastern
Botswana.
N. N. Moswete
University of Botswana
AF_42
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Eco-tourism
• Many areas of the tourism industry rely on
the climate and natural / semi-natural
environment.
• Eco-tourism is one of the many types of
tourism and is nature based. Hence, all
natural tourism resources are likely to be
affected by climate change. e.g. fauna
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Likely impacts of climate on tourism
• Additional pressures on the wildlife and plants –
that the tourists want to see and the places where
they live.
• Hunting of game and waterfowl is likely to feel
the impacts of climate change as wildlife may be
displaced due to habitat loss or increased
competition on food and forage.
• Recreational fishing may be locally disrupted by
lower water levels in rivers and lakes.
3
Cultural Tourism
•
Cultural tourism is now recognized as
one of the fastest growing sectors of the
international tourism market
•
Tourists are increasingly less interested
in showpiece resorts and destinations
and
are
more
interested
in
environmental,
cultural,
ethnic,
heritage and historical features
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Cultural Tourism
• Can strengthen ethnic or local survival of
rural people by providing new sources of
employment and reviving traditional skills.
• Can revitalise and invigorate local cultures
i.e. adapting traditional ways to economic,
employment and spectacular requirement of
tourism while maintaining cultural integrity
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Main elements of culture that attract tourists
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Handicrafts
Traditions
History of a region
Architecture
Local food
Art and music
Ways of life
Religion
Language
Costumes – traditional
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Main Types of heritage environments
Landscape

Arts based

Natural history
and science

Sociocultural

• Villagescapes, religious
buildings, parks and
reserves
• Galleries, concert halls
and their performances,
art festivals
• Geomorphological or
geological sites (caves,
gorges, cliffs, scientific
museums)
• Historic sites, museums
of rural or industrial life
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Aims and Objectives
To document available natural and cultural tourism
resources in the Limpopo Basin and assess the extent to
which they have been exploited for tourism
To identify tourism trends and determine factors
influencing travel and tourism in the Limpopo Basin
 To study and assess the nature of cultural heritage
tourism and its viability as an adaptation strategy in the
Limpopo Basin
 Develop awareness of the value of cultural
tourism/ecotourism to local
communities of
the
Limpopo Basin
 To recommend cultural heritage tourism activities that
could be exploited and implemented to minimize
adverse impacts of climate change

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Resource Assessment
• An inventory and description of the existing cultural and
natural environment will be carried out. This will
include but will not be limited to the following: existing
natural and human attractions, cultural/heritage sites,
recreational facilities, public and social services, fauna
and flora, (including any rare, endangered, or
threatened species), tourist accommodation and any
tourism development programme and plans in place.
• A SWOT analysis i.e. identification and evaluation of
strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the
physical and human tourism resources of the region,
including Parks, Reserves, Ethnological, Geological and
other cultural heritage sites); infrastructure; transport;
accommodation; community attitudes and participation
in tourism related activity of the area.
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Resource Assessment
Market Analysis of the Limpopo
 Past, current and future target markets
(International and domestic tourists including
market
segments
such
as
nature
tourists/ecotourists, cultural and heritage
tourists, rural tourists etc.
 An assessment of the likely positive-negative,
qualitative-quantitative, direct indirect, and
short-term, long term impacts of climate
change on the tourism industry in the Limpopo
Basin.
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Methodology
• Desktop literature search
• Field verification survey
• Oral data collection
• Mapping available tourism resources via
GIS.
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Total Visitor Arrivals to Botswana (1983 - 2001)
2200000
2000000
Total arrivals/visitors
1800000
1600000
1400000
1200000
1000000
800000
600000
400000
200000
19
83
19
84
19
85
19
86
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
0
Years
Source: CSO: Visitor Statistics (Various Documents)
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Arrivals by Purpose of Visit and Country of Residence-2001
Country
of
nationalit
y
Holiday/
Tourist
Visitor
Business
In Transit
Diplomat
Employ
ment
Other
Not
Known
Total
RSA
144,535
195,414
93,500
113,166
1,534
4,073
124,626
16,078
803,392
Zimbab
we
50,881
236,425
15,380
55,455
550
3,865
52,830
37,940
519,413
Zambia
5,971
16,712
4,884
24,909
140
703
13,481
1,962
84,719
UK
21,331
5,719
6,125
3,573
132
677
1,744
1,032
63,545
Namibia
3,674
9,166
1,699
39,187
51
50
4,966
462
61,080
USA
20,509
1,535
967
1,480
300
502
881
302
29,520
India
1,574
1,515
201
170
20
310
772
442
17,581
German
9,249
656
1,138
2,673
60
147
594
191
16,634
Malawi
830
2,767
530
2,002
40
90
770
450
10,415
Netherla
nds
5,965
386
744
867
-
172
267
90
9,241
Australi
5,258
365
609
689
-
103
116
113
8,069
France
4,686
171
552
360
50
61
210
70
6,651
Source:CSO, 2001
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Visitor Number to Phuthadikolo Museum
(1999 – 2001)
Country of
origin
Botswana
1999 2000
2001
Total
%
2014 1948
2184
6146
93
South Africa 52
14
42
108
1.6
Zimbabwe
12
8
18
38
0.6
Europe
69
59
23
151
2.3
America
23
31
16
70
1.1
Others
12
27
49
88
1.3
Source: Site Visit Record Book
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Visitor Numbers to Matsieng Site (1999-2001)
Country of
origin
Botswana
South
Africa
Europe
Zimbabwe
America
Others
1999
2000
2001
Total
%
904
10
1826
24
2099
38
4829
72
94
1.4
3
2
7
4
10
14
20
20
0.4
0.4
21
14
79
10
16
34
116
58
2.3
1.1
Source: Site Visit – Record Book
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Examples of Cultural Heritage Sites in the
Greater Limpopo Basin
Site
Location
Solomon's Wall
East of the Tuli Block area
Tswapong Hills
Fort Motloutse
Mmajojo Ruins
Description
Remains of an ancient natural
dyke across Motloutse River
and Anglo -Boer war sites of
1899 to 1902.
Situated in the greater The Hills endowed with rich
Tswapong villages in eastern Batswapong and Bangwato
Botswana
history and is of great interest
to
Archaeologists
and
scientists. Pottery fragments
and kilns have been found in
the area.
Located about 10 kilometres This historic site is part of the
east of Bobonong Village
fortifications built for the
1890 pioneer column that
settled in former Rhodesia
(Zimbabwe)
2 kilometres south of Serule A great Zimbabwe type
Junction
settlement with decorated
stones and residence of a
District chief
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