Transcript 5.6 - WMO
GCOS SC, Geneva, 29 Sep Riccardo Valentini (GTOS Chair) GTOS Forward Looking 2010 – 2015 What was unique? Ecosystem services Provisioning Regulating Cultural Goods produced or provided by ecosystems Benefits obtained from regulation of ecosystem processes Non-material benefits from ecosystems Photo credits (left to right, top to bottom): Purdue University, WomenAid.org, LSUP, NASA, unknown, CEH Wallingford, unknown, W. Reid, Staffan Widstrand GTOS strengths Many successes (see biennial and other reports); e.g.: Panels’ work: GOFC-GOLD: land cover methods and products, fire methods and products, REDD contributions, advocacy for satellite observations continuity, numerous regional networks TCOIGCO: CarboAfrica and its outputs, in situ methods documentation,.. TOPCGCOSUNFCCC: ECV definition and documentation, analyzing and documenting status for improvements in observations,.. Other: framework for standardization (UN ISO) IGOS, GEOIGOL, .. GTNs: -Glaciers, -Hydrology, -Permafrost; -Lakes, -Rivers, Mountains Paris, UNESCO HQ 30 Nov - 2 Dec 2009 GTOS POSITION GTOS is grounded on the scientific community but with an operational mandate FAO: LADA, GLADA, REDD; ICSU: DIVERSITAS, IGBP, WCRP, WDS; UNEP: Environment Watch Strategy, WCMC, DEWA/ Global Environmental Outlook; UNESCO: PECS, SUMAMAD, GCOS, GOOS; WMO: IPCC, GFCS GTOS COCOS; ICOS; IMECC; GCP; CARBOAFRICA; CARBOEUROPE; NACP; projects in ESA The Living Planet program, ICOS, NASA, GEO GTOS Structure UNFCC CBD UNCCD RAMSAR GTOS 2010-2015 VISION International policy decisions based on timely, reliable and comprehensive information about the status of the terrestrial environment, its components, and the natural resources it provides for humans and other species. MISSION To facilitate the development, implementation and operation of systems, processes and collaborative arrangements that enable the acquisition of consistent, timely and accurate information on the global (and large- scale regional) terrestrial environment and its changes. GTOS 2010-2015 ROLE To fulfill its mission, GTOS’ main roles are to: i) Formulate, lead, monitor and revise as appropriate the overall approach to global terrestrial observations; ii) Identify systematic observations/variables that are required and define their characteristics (e.g., standardization in observations and reporting); iii) Advocate in the relevant international policy arena the adoption of the proposed variables, approaches and methods and take the steps necessary to ensure their ongoing provision, availability and use. GTOS Products Two main products categories : 1. Development of guidelines and standards for improved terrestrial observation systems. 2. Synthesis products, position papers, databases, georeferenced GTOS IS - analysis of global/regional/national terrestrial ecosystems services and their changes Paris, UNESCO HQ 30 Nov - 2 Dec 2009 GTOS Steering Committee PRODUCTS GTOS IS - 4th Session GTOS DOMAINS FOR OBSERVATIONS The priority for GTOS is : the support and coordination of a terrestrial monitoring system at global and regional level (going wherever possible also at national level, for specific key studies and especially if required and endorsed by a country). Focus will be given to: • climate change, • land degradation and terrestrial carbon (stocks and GTOS IS fluxes) and • loss of biodiversity Particular attention will be given to the impact of the above issues on ecosystem services. CLIMATE CLIMATE WHY: Climate change is the major environmental challenge to society for the 21st century Terrestrial observations are needed to provide robust and effective adaptation plans WHAT: Continue supporting GCOSUNFCCC on ECVs Expand work on ECVs to include other drivers (i.e moisture). A1:soilFRAMEWORK CONVENTION development: the workplan (UNFCCC) for UN-ISO ONLast CLIMATE CHANGE framework and the development of standards for terrestrial ECVs is being submitted to UNFCCC right this week. CARBON CYCLE (2000-2006) 1.5 Pg C y-1 4.1 Pg y-1 Atmosphere 45% 2.8 Pg y-1 Land 30% + 7.6 Pg C y-1 2.2 Pg y-1 Oceans 25% Canadell et al. 2007, PNAS CARBON CYCLE WHY: Terrestrial carbon plays an important role in shaping the greenhouse gas balance of the atmosphere both in terms of sources and sinks. Terrestrial carbon observations are becoming key issues of future climate policies WHAT: Continue support to IGCO / GEO C-strategy A1:Develop FRAMEWORK CONVENTION capacities in regional/national carbon – Focus on AFRICA ONobservations CLIMATE CHANGE (UNFCCC) Contribute and advice to REDD Blue and Green Waters 100% 60% 40% LAND DEGRADATION AND WATER SCARCITY WHY: Desertification, Land Degradation and Drought (DLDD) is a global problem affecting more than 2 billion people in over 100 countries, costing more than 40 billion dollars a year “to monitor the processes of degradation and improvement at global and regional scales without having to wait for generalization from detailed, local information” CST/UNCCD A Global Desertification Observing System (GDOS) proposed in 2009 Water scarcity and conflicts are becoming critical areas of terrestrial observations WHAT: A2:Address CONVENTION COMBAT monitoring capabilitiesTO for water (water catchment integrity, soil moisture) DESERTIFICATION (UNCCD) Link with LADA, GDOS and CST/UNCCD Establish a role for GTOS via modified Panel responsibilities BIODIVERSITY Habitat losses : implication for fauna Alpine ibex National Park Adamello-Brenta Habitat Suitability maps under projected climate change SRES A1F1, 2030 & 2050 BIODIVERSITY WHY: Earth's biological resources vital to economic and social development, but survival of species and ecosystems is under increasing pressure and species extinction continues at an alarming rate COP/CBD expressed the need for integrated regional and sub-global ecosystem assessments and for improvements in the availability and interoperability of biodiversity data Space observations on habitat fragmentation, land cover, species recognition are a unique niche for GTOS WHAT: A2: BIODIVERSITY CONVENTION Establish a role for GTOS via modified Panel responsibilities Work with GEO BON and the SBSTTA/UNCBD (UNCBD) Link with DIVERSITAS for the observation component Focus on protected areas and national parks/reference sites GTOS DOMAINS FOR OBSERVATIONS Cross cutting priorities are vulnerable ecosystems. • coastal areas (particularly deltas and mangroves ecosystems), • mountains, • snow and ice cover, • and urban areas. GTOS IS - Sponsors UNFCCC UNCCD CBD GTOS Themes Land degradat. Carbon cycle Climate TCO Biodiversity TOPC GTOS activities, GT-Net, C-GTOS GOFC-GOLD GTOS: Beneficiaries and Users Target beneficiaries: First target are GTOS sponsors: FAO, ICSU, UNEP UNESCO and WMO Then: • Multilateral Environmental Agreements (Rio Conventions) • National governments, policy makers • International/ inter-governmental science/research programs • Environmental managers • Non-governmental organizations (NGO) GT-NET Global Terrestrial Observing Network Activities Mountains Permafrost Glaciers Hydrology River discharge GTOS - AFRICA CARBOAFRICA 2.5 M€ (2007-2010) ERC GRANT AFRICA GHG 2.5 M€ (2010-2014) Climate change predictions in SubSaharan Africa: impacts and adaptations CLIMAFRICA EU FP7 3 M€ 2010-2013 GTOS CARBON OBSERVATIONS Collaboration and support on definition of a Global Carbon Observation System (GEOCARBON) Links with ICOS/GEO Task CL-09-03 1000 km 10 km ha dm GTOS – GEO GTOS contributed to the update of the GEO 20092011 WP and the relevant task sheets for the Beijing Summit. GTOS is involved in sixteen tasks/subtasks of the last GEO 2009-2011 WorkPlan. GTOS addresses four out of the nine GEO SBAs: Disasters, Climate, Ecosystems and Biodiversity. With 4 tasks/subtasks, the climate SBA is the most intensively addressed by GTOS. GTOS – GEO Task AR-09-03a: Global Terrestrial Observations Leader & POC: GTOS Secretariat, TCO and TOPC Task AR-09-03c: Global Ocean Observation System Contributor: C-GTOS Task DA-09-03a: Global Land Cover Leader & POC: GOFC-GOLD and GTOS Secretariat Task CL-09-03a: Integrated Global Carbon Observation (IGCO) Leader and POC: GTOS and University of Tuscia Task CL-09-03b: Forest Carbon Tracking Leader: FAO, GTOS Secretariat and TCO Task DI-09-03b: Implementation of a Fire Warning System at Global Level Leader: GOFC-GOLD and GTOS Secretariat Task US-09-03b: Forest Mapping and Change Monitoring Leader and POC: FAO. Leaders: GOFC-GOLD, TCO and GTOS Secretariat GTOS SUPERSITES Fluxnet-Canada Carboeurope/ICOS TCOS Asiaflux KoFlux Ameriflux Cinaflux USCCC LBA EUSTACH CarboAfrica Afriflux Ozflux GTOS – TOPC XII Status of Standards and Guidelines for Terrestrial ECVs Terrestrial ECVs T1 River Discharge T2 Water Use T3 Ground Water T4 Water Level T5 Snow Cover T6 Glaciers and Ice Caps T7 Permafrost T8 Albedo T9 Land Cover T10 FAPAR T11 LAI T12 Above-ground biomass T13 Fire Disturbance T14 Soil Moisture Organizational aspects (1): Framework Presentation to SBSTA 33 November 2010 ECVs (4): Tier Content Tier 1 (High (H) – Medium (M) urgency, H-M readiness): Tier 1a = initial set: 5 ECVs: ECV Biomass ECV Glaciers and Ice Caps ECV Land Cover ECV Permafrost ECV Soil Moisture Tier 1b = coincident with Tier 1a (provided resources are available): ECV Leaf Area Index ECV River Discharge Tier 2 (M-Low (L) urgency, H-M readiness): ECV Albedo ECV Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation ECV Snow Cover Tier 3 (L urgency or L readiness): ECV Fire Disturbance ECV Lake Levels and Reservoir Storage ECV Ground Water Presentation to SBSTA 33 ECV Water Use. November 2010 Rome, 7 Sep 2010 END Thanks