Transcript Inter American Institute for Global Change Research

IAI
Inter-American Institute
for
Global Change Research
Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research
THE IAI PRINCIPLES
“The Institute Shall Pursue the Principles
of the Scientific Excellence, International
Cooperation, and the Full and Open
Exchange
of
Scientific
Information
Relevant to Global Change.”
(Source: Agreement Establishing the IAI, 1992)
Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research
IAI’s MISSION
“IAI’s Mission is to Develop the Capacity
to Understand the Integrated Impacts of
Present and Future Global Changes on
Regional and Continental Environments
in the Americas and to Promote
Collaborative Research and Informed
Action at all Levels.”
(SAC, 1997)
Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research
IAI’s GOAL
To Augment the Scientific Capacity of the Region
to
Better Understand the Global Change Related
Phenomena and their Socioeconomic
Implications,
and
to Next Promote, at all Levels, the Dissemination
of the Emerging Information.
Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research
IAI SCIENCE AGENDA
The primary objective of the IAI is to encourage research beyond the scope of
national programs by advancing comparative and focused studies based on
scientific issues important to the region as a whole.
Our mission is defined as to develop the capacity of understanding the integrated
impact of past, present and future global change on regional and continental
environments in the Americas and to promote collaborative research and informed
action at all levels.
In its approach the IAI pursues the principles of scientific excellence, international
cooperation and the full and open exchange of scientific information relevant to
Global Environmental Change (GEC).
The term global change is used to refer to the interactions of biological, chemical
and physical processes that regulate changes in the functioning of the Earth system,
including the particular ways in which these changes are influenced by human
activities.
The agreement establishing the IAI stated that the Science Agenda should be
dynamic and should evolve to permanently incorporate new scientific priorities and
to address changes in the needs of the region's countries.
Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research
FOUR BROADLY DEFINED RESEARCH FOCI HAVE
BEEN IDENTIFIED:
I - Understanding Climate Change and Variability in the
Americas
II - Comparative Studies of Ecosystem, Biodiversity,
Land Use and Cover, and Water Resources in the
Americas
III - Understanding Global Change Modulations of the
Composition of the Atmosphere, Oceans and Fresh
Waters
IV - Understanding the Human Dimensions and Policy
Implications of Global Change
Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research
I - Understanding Climate Change and Variability
in the Americas
The focus of this theme is to observe, document and predict
climate change and variability in the Americas and its links to
changes in natural systems and societal impacts.
The goals are to understand the role of the ocean-landatmosphere interactions in climate, to determine the key
processes that cause climatic variability, from seasonal to
decadal time scales, and to apply the insight gained by these
findings to improve weather and climate predictions.
Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research
I - Understanding Climate Change and Variability
in the Americas
Topics included in this area:
• Tropical Atlantic Variability (TAV), El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and
other forms of low-frequency climate variability.
• Ocean variability, including sudden climate change, and its influence on climate
and weather of the surrounding continents.
• Variability of the American Monsoon systems.
• Ocean/Land/Atmosphere interactions and Hydrology, including atmospheric
mesoscale processes.
• Global and regional changes in the water cycle.
• Aerosol impact on climate change and variability.
• Climate change at regional scales: scenarios, impacts, vulnerability and
adaptation.
• Climate changes in the past.
• Development of the Americas component for a Global Observing System for
climate.
Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research
II - Comparative Studies of Ecosystem, Biodiversity,
Land Use and Cover, and Water Resources in the
Americas
The IAI encourages comparative and integrated analyses of the
effects of Global Environmental Change on natural and
anthropogenic systems and processes among
tropical,
temperate and cold latitude systems. Sponsored work should
increase our knowledge of the drivers and dynamics of variability,
and the impacts of such variability on food security, biodiversity
and the provision of ecological goods and services. Research is
expected to include work in terrestrial, coastal and oceanic
environments; and work that integrates across the land/sea
interface will be encouraged.
Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research
II - Comparative Studies of Ecosystem, Biodiversity,
Land Use and Cover, and Water Resources in the
Americas
Topics included in this area:
• Impacts of global change on biodiversity, including species and
genetic biodiversity—both of natural systems and agricultural
systems and cultivars.
• Comparative studies of resilience of ecosystems, key species, and
important agricultural cultivars to global change.
• Comparative studies of changes in land use and/or
coastal/marine/freshwater resource use.
• Prediction and documentation of estuarine changes due to changes
in freshwater inflows as well as changes in watershed land use and
cover.
• Climate and habitat change impacts on wide-ranging species
across the Americas.
Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research
III - Understanding Global Change Modulations of the
Composition of the Atmosphere, Oceans and Fresh
Waters
The focus of this theme is on observing, documenting and
understanding processes that modify the chemical composition of the
atmosphere, inland waters and oceans in a manner that affects
productivity and human welfare. A multidisciplinary approach to this
research area is expected.
Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research
III - Understanding Global Change Modulations of the
Composition of the Atmosphere, Oceans and Fresh
Waters
Topics included in this area:
Effects of air pollution and rain water quality on
ecosystems.
Impact of mega-cities on regional climate.
Regional and global air pollution: Transport and impacts.
High latitude processes and ozone depletion.
Comparative studies of regional air and water pollution.
Biogeochemical processes and ecosystem hydrology.
Greenhouse gases and their impact on climate change.
Coastal processes and water pollution.
Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research
IV - Understanding the Human Dimensions and Policy
Implications of Global Change
The focus of this theme is to document and predict the
implications of global change on human beings—their health,
welfare, and activities which depend on the productivity,
diversity and functioning of ecosystems. Projects that integrate
natural and social science themes, include a human dimension
component as well as a concern for policy implications of
research are expected. The objective is to understand and
propose ways that specific policies could be used to direct
complex and interacting natural-socio-economical systems
towards a sustainable increase in nature systems and human
welfare.
Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research
IV - Understanding the Human Dimensions and Policy
Implications of Global Change
Topics included in the area:
• Changes in food production patterns; potential actions for
increasing food security.
• Global environmental and economic change and biodiversity;
implications for conservation strategies.
• Effects of GEC on natural disaster occurrences, mitigation
strategies, and policies that limit loss of life and property.
• Coral bleaching impact on small scale fisheries and fishers;
strategies for limiting socio-economic impacts.
• Identification of factors that contribute to resilience of natural
ecosystems; conservation strategies to promote resilience.
• Effects of GEC on water supply, freshwater flows, and security of
water for human uses.
Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research
INTER-AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR GLOBAL
CHANGE RESEARCH
(Signatory & Ratifying Countries)
(Agreement entered into force: March 11, 1994)
1. Argentina
16. Peru
2. Bolivia
17. United States of America
3. Brazil
18. Uruguay
4. Canada
19. Venezuela
5. Chile
6. Colombia
7. Costa Rica
8. Cuba
9. Dominican Republic
10. Ecuador
11. Guatemala
12. Jamaica
13. Mexico
14. Panama
15. Paraguay
Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research
REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS FOR
GLOBAL CHANGE RESEARCH
IGBP
START
ENRICH
IAI
APN
WCRP
IHDP
Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research
PRESENT NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL
PARTNERSHIPS FOR IAI
IAI
Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research
IAI, MULTINATIONAL DISTRIBUTED
NETWORK OF RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS
Conference of the
Parties
Scientific Advisory
Committee
Executive
Council
A
B
IAI
Directorat
e
D
C
Research Institutes
A…N
Research Themes of
the Scientific Agenda
N
Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research
Evolution of IAI Research & Training Activities Overtime
Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research
THE SCIENTIFIC
DEVELOPMENT OF IAI
Start-up Grants (SG)
One-time Awards to Encourage
Investigators
of
IAI
Member
Countries to Plan Collaborative
Long-term Research Projects that
will Make up the Core of the Future
IAI Research Network.
Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research
THE SCIENTIFIC
DEVELOPMENT OF IAI
Initial Science Program (ISP)
One-time up to 3-year Awards to
Initiate or to Augment On-going
Scientific Activities in Research,
Training
and
Education,
Data
Collection
and
Information,
and
Modeling for all the Themes of the
Science Agenda.
Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research
THE SCIENTIFIC
DEVELOPMENT OF IAI
Collaborative Research Networks (CRN)
 Another Step towards the Integration of
Scientists and Countries on Research
Organized Around the New 4 Themes of the
IAI Science Agenda;
 3 to 5 Year Awards to Conduct Scientific
Research with the Participation of Institutions
of at least 4 IAI Member Countries;
 The Opportunity for Planning Proposals
Prepared under the Start-up Grants Program
to be Transformed into Actual Research
Projects or Programs.
Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research
THE SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENT OF IAI
Programs
Time Period
Minim.
Countries
Number of Total Amount
Projects
USD
Planning
Grants
1996-1997
2
37
1,794,000
UNDP/WMO 1995-1999
GEF
16
1
3,048,000
ISP
1996-1999
1997-2000
1998-2001
2
2
3
11
12
16
1,300,000
1,000,000
1,550,000
CRN
1999-2003
4
14
10,445,000
PESCA
2000-2001
2
11
300,000
SGP
2002-2003
3
16
385,000
TOTAL
118
19,822,000
Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research
Distribution of IAI funds to the 4
themes of its Scientific Agenda
ISP
(US$)
Theme
CRN
(US$)
PESCA
(US$)
TOTAL
(US$)
%
Understanding Climate
Variability in the
Americas.
Comparative Studies of
Ecosystems,
Biodiversity, Land-Use
and Water Resources.
Changes in the
Composition of the
Atmosphere, Oceans and
Fresh Waters
Integrated Assessments,
Human Dimensions and
Applications
1,133,000
3,562,000
129,700
4,824,700
33.5
1,396,000
3,797,000
53,900
5,246,000
36.3
307,000
820,000
59,923
1,186,923
8.2
869,000
2,258,000
30,000
3,157,000
22.0
Education
TOTAL
(133,000)
3,838,000
273,523
(133,000)*
14,414,000
10,437,000
* Not included in the total amount.
Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research
Distribution of IAI Programs PIs
by countries
SG
Argentina
Brazil
Canada
Chile
Cuba
Ecuador
Mexico
Panama
Peru
Uruguay
USA
Venezuela
TOTAL
4
3
6
3
2
1
1
16
36
ISP
5
5
1
1
1
4
1
1
2
18
39
CRN
2
2
2
1
2
1
3
1
14
Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research
Numbers of Scientists and Countries
Participating in IAI Programs
for the Period 1995-2003
Programs
Years
Number of
Projects
Scientists
Countries
Start-up Grants
1995-1997
36
229
20
Initial Science
Program
1996-2001
39
194
16
Collaborative
Research Network
1999-2003
14
171
16
Program to Expand
Scientific Capacity in
the Americas
2000-2001
11
32
8
Annual Report 1999-2000
Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research
STUDENTS TRAINED UNDER TOTAL OR
PARTIAL SUPPORT OF IAI AWARDS
PROGRAM/PROJECT
DEGREE
LEVEL
NUMBER
OF
STUDENTS
Initial Science
Program
BSc
MSc
PhD
22
55
15
IAI Science Agenda
Themes
Collaborative
Research Network
Program *
BSc
MSc
PhD
Pos-doc
45
39
37
2
IAI Science Agenda
Themes
IAI/UNDP/GEF/WMO
Project
----MSc/PhD
250
25
30
IAI/University of
Miami
Summer Institute
(I, II, III)
---
GIS
Meteorological
Softwares
IAI Science Agenda
Themes
Global Change
issues of societal
relevance.
62
TRAINING AREAS
* As per information of up to October 31, 2001.
Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research
IAI/UM SUMMER INSTITUTE THEMES
Year
Themes
1
Interactions between Seasonal to InterAnnuals Climate Variability and Human
Systems
2
Environmental and Social Implications of
Land-use and Land-cover in the Americas.
3
Integrated Management of Water Resources
in the Americas
Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research
COUNTRIES
USA
ARGENTINA
BRAZIL
MEXICO
CHILE
PERU
COLOMBIA
CANADA
VENEZUELA
ECUADOR
URUGUAY
COSTA RICA
PANAMA
BOLIVIA
CUBA
PARAGUAY
JAMAICA
REP.DOM.
GUATEMALA
OTHERS
SG
711.607
191.894
148.990
199.020
149.307
47.255
0
296.480
0
0
49.524
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
ISP's
857.273
698.755
332.689
682.215
278.213
134.474
104.209
33.876
120.040
86.558
182.464
126.611
91.706
41.380
40.636
0
9.250
10.948
0
7.091
TOTAL
1.794.077
3.838.388
SG- IAI's Start-Up Grants Program
ISP- IAI Initial Science Program
CRN- Collaborative Research Network Program
CRN
1.522.701
1.830.906
1.475.459
1.036.400
563.806
663.115
750.849
521.874
559.566
526.785
206.510
255.880
223.940
183.927
0
88.060
36.660
0
0
0
10.446.438
PESCA
2.600
3.000
0
0
25.545
31.755
1.700
12.500
21.000
17.800
25.900
0
0
0
79.423
0
52.300
0
0
0
GEF
0
97.760
118.149
112.836
57.277
102.577
94.236
0
92.500
96.365
150.173
148.705
110.892
76.049
115.566
90.016
70.500
77.255
0
26.250
WS
639.144
190.729
195.365
151.264
124.889
70.617
59.286
78.652
41.640
47.139
105.505
82.716
52.073
22.556
38.716
32.850
17.962
16.700
8.349
44.671
TOTAL - USD
3.733.325
3.013.044
2.270.652
2.181.735
1.199.037
1.049.793
1.010.280
943.382
834.746
774.647
720.076
613.912
478.611
323.912
274.341
210.926
186.672
104.903
8.349
78.012
273.523 1.637.106
2.020.823
20.010.355
PESCA - Program to Expand Scientific Capacity in the
Americas
GEF- Global Environmental Facility
WS- Workshops
Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research
Inter-American Institute for Global Change
Research (IAI)
Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
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Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research