Transcript International Relations & Organisations 當代世國際關係與組織

Unit 6: Global Ecosystem &
Environmental Crisis
第六單元: 全球生態與環境危機
Lecturer: Dr. Kao Pei-Shan
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Introduction (重點提示)
* Global Village (我們的地球村)
* Explanation of Important Terms
(重要名詞解釋)
* Case Study 1 (個案研究1): Burma (緬甸)
*Case Study 2 (個案研究2): Sicuan
Province, China (中國四川省)
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Limits to Growth (published in 1972)
-It is a book modeling the
consequences of a sharply
growing world population
and finite resource supplies.
-It suggests some difficult
situations such as finite
resources, industrialisation,
population explosion, worsen
environment and climate
Change that human beings should face in the
near future.
Source:
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/
0876631650/wikipedia08-20, “consulted in
May 2008”.
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• The book used a model to simulate the
consequence of interactions between the
Earth's and human systems.
• Five variables were examined in the original
model, on the assumptions that exponential
growth accurately described their patterns of
increase, and that the ability of technology to
increase the availability of resources grows
only linearly. These variables are: world
population, industrialisation, pollution, food
production and resource depletion.
• The authors intended to explore the possibility
of a sustainable feedback pattern that would
be achieved by altering growth trends among
the five variables.
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重要名詞解釋
(Explanation of Important Terms)
*溫室效應(The Greenhouse Effect)
*全球暖化(Global Warming)
*全球氣候異常(Global Climate Change)
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The Greenhouse Effect
It is the rise in temperature that the Earth experiences
because certain gases such as water vapor, carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere trap energy from the sun.
Without these gases, heat would escape back into space
and Earth’s average temperature would be about 60ºF
colder.
Source: http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/kids/greenhouse.html,
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“consulted in May 2008”.
1. 溫室效應: 地球大氣層有著與溫室
玻璃類似的保溫效果。陽光照射地球，
部分能量被大氣和地表吸收，部分被
反射回太空。地球表面向外釋放熱量，
其中一部分也被大氣吸收。大氣層存
留熱量的能力使地球表面有著溫暖的
環境，這被稱為溫室效應。
Source: New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and
Forestry, http://www.maf.govt.nz/mafnet/ruralnz/sustainable-resource-use/climate/impact-onindustries/greenhouse.jpg, “consulted in December
2007.”
But溫室效應≠全球暖化問題
∵溫室效應幫助保持地球溫暖而穩定
的環境，是生物得以生存的關鍵條件。
如果沒有大氣及相關溫室效應，地球
表面平均溫度大約會是零下１８度C，
並且會像月球一樣，白天地表溫度最
高可達１００多度C，夜晚則急劇降至
最低零下１００多度C。
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*The greenhouse effect is important as without the
greenhouse effect, the Earth would not be warm enough
for humans to live.
*However, if the greenhouse effect becomes stronger, it
could make the Earth become too warm. This may
cause problems for humans, plants, and animals.
That is → Global warming
*Global warming means an average increase in the
Earth's temperature. A warmer Earth may lead to a rise
in sea level, and a wide range of impacts on plants,
wildlife, and humans.
This will cause →climate change.
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2.全球暖化(Global Warming): 全球變暖現象是因自
１８世紀工業革命以來，人類大量排放二氧化碳等氣體
所造成的。全球變暖問題是指大氣成分發生變化導致溫
室效應加劇，使地球氣候異常(global climate change)。
Earth has warmed by about
1ºF over the past 100 years.
Although the Earth could be
getting warmer on its own,
many scientists think that things
people do are helping to make the
Earth become warmer and warmer.
Source:
http://epa.gov/climatechange/kids/gw.
html, “consulted in May 2008”.
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Sichuan Province (四川省)
-The Province of
Sichuan located in
southwest China.
-It is one of the largest
and most inaccessible
provinces in China.
-Sichuan covers an area
of 485,000 kilometers.
Source:
http://www.jc-chemical.com/pics/chinamapen.gif, “consulted in May 2008”.
-Population: 87 million
people, boasts the
largest population in
China, with 87 million
people.
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Case of Haiti in 2008
1. As food prices keeps rising (have gone up by 50%),
serious riots and demonstrations happened in April 2008.
At least five people were killed.
2. The UN peacekeepers helped to control the situation.
*Government’s Reaction and Actions:
1. Condemned the violence, and said the demonstrations
were manipulated by individuals linked to drug dealers
and other smugglers.
2. Making $10 million to fight the rising cost of food.
3. Creating more jobs and credit programs.
→Results: Government fell as Senators fired the Prime11
Minister.
Earthquake Hits Haiti
• Where: Port-au-Prince, Haiti’s Capital
• When: January 12, 2010
• Who: could be more than 100,000 dead
• How: 7.0 earthquake happened at 16:43pm
(last 35 seconds)
• What: Many countries (eg. Taiwan)responded
to appeals for humanitarian aid, pledging funds
and dispatching rescue and medical teams,
engineers and support personnel.
On 22 January, 2010 the United Nations (UN)
noted that the emergency phase of the relief
operation was drawing to a close, and on the
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following day the Haitian government officially
*Red Cross runs out of medical supplies
*UN confirm 19 workers dead with a further 100 believed
dead
*Around three million people estimated to have been
affected by the quake
*World Bank pledges $100million to help recovery and
reconstruction
*Charities launch emergency appeals to help stricken
survivors
*Presidential palace crumbles, hospital collapses and
houses swept away
*UK sends emergency team as Obama vows 'unwavering'
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support