Transcript Patricia Ramírez - START - SysTem for Analysis Research and

Ist Latin American and the Caribbean Regional Workshop
Assessment for Impacts and Adaptation to Climate Change
in Multiple Regions and Sectors (AIACC)
San José, Costa Rica, Mayo 2003
Climate Outlooks
An option for adaptation for
Central America
Patricia. Ramírez (CRRH- SICA)
Adaptative capacity:
Ability of a system to adjust to climate change
(including climate variability and extremes) to
moderate potential damages, to take advantage
of opportunities or to cope with the consequences
(IPCC,2001)
Central America is extremely vulnerable to climate variability
1960 – 1999
57.000 deaths
1O millions affected
30 billions US$ in losses
Nicaragua, 1998
Honduras, 2001
Climate variability associated with climate
change, likely to increase the Region’s
already great vulnerability, represents a
major risk for millions of Central Americans.
Around half of Central Americans live in poverty
They are mainly:
Agriculture day labourers
Families leaving from subsistence agriculture
Owners of small properties
Migrants
Dwellers of border areas with limited access to
health,water, education or other public services
Estado de la Región, documento del
café de la CEPAL, CAC/CORECA
Common famility and community profile
•Grain (maize,shorghum, bean)production in small parcels.
•Small cattle farms.
•Combination of low technology grain production with cattle.
•Irregular work
•Seasonal migration for jobs.
•50 % of the communities in the area without potable water
•70% without health services.
Intervention with development projects
for these groups is recognized as
urgent need
More vulnerable groups:
Who are they ?
Families living on subsistence
agriculture
Aged Adults
Children under 36 months
Women in reproductive age
More vulnerable groups:
Where do they live?
Concentration of vulnerable groups living in areas
phrone to droughts and floods
Increase in vulnerability
will lead to increased
poverty.
In Central America adaptation to
climate variability and climate
change should prioritize these
groups
Adaptation to climate variability and
climate change is an opportunity for
sustainable development
2001-2003 Climate information for vulnerability reduction
in Central America
CRRH/NMHSs
Objectives:
Streghening regional capacity to regular production and dissemination of
climate information and outlooks.
Approach to organizations working in agriculture, food security, health and
water management to evaluate potential use of the information produced by
RCOFs.
Reduce RCOF cost through “distant” work.
2001-2003 Central America Climate Forum
climate data and
outlooks
Global Centers
Products
Regional
Models
Satelite
Data
FORO VIRTUAL
Analysis
Discussion
National Reports
PERSPECTIVA CLIMÁTICA
REGIONAL
Sectoral
Users
(Internet)
Video Conference
Others
Health
Water Management
Risk management
Agriculture
Tourism
Climate information for vulnerability reduction in Central
America
2002-2003 Experience
April 2002
Perspectiva del Clima Regional for
May-July showed a large area with less
than normal rainfall risk.
Climate Outlooks for vulnerability reduction in
Central America
2001-2002 Experience
May-June 2002
Sectors experts analyzed
and disscused Climate
Outlook and probabilities
with Forum climatologists
Availability of Seasonal Climate Perspectives triggered
regional actions to cope with potential
SISCA
INCAP
Regional Institutions Focus:
Assesment for decision –making about needs, time frames, target groups or
sectors
Sinergies
Aticulated Rregional and National Plans
Regional plans to manage drought risk focused in
more vulnerable groups and communities.
Some examples
Plan for more vulnerable communities
Objectives
Mitigation plan:
Prevent insecurity menacing
identified vulnerable families
Accelerate the nutritional
recovery of children
suffering malnutrition
because of 2001 drought
Recovery :
Impowerment of women to create and
sustain their assests
At least 50% of capital resources
in women hands.
Prevention of nutritional
deterioration in vulnerable groups
Instituto de
Nutrición
Centro América
y (INCAP/OPS)
Centro especializado de
la OPS/OMS e institución
del Sistema de Integración
Centroamericana (SICA),
promueve la iniciativa de
Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional a
nivel regional, nacional y local, como
estrategia para el desarrollo integral de las
poblaciones de sus Estados Miembros
INCAP
Nutrional improved food for more
vulnerable population
Facilitates process, generates, promotes and transfer,
Knowledge, techncnologies y methods
Promotes introduction of more acceptable meals with donated
food
SISCA
Producción de pan
nutricionalmente mejorado en
Kuna Yala, San Blas, Panamá
GUATEMALA.
SECTOR SALUD
INCAP-OPS
RESPUESTA A LA CRISIS ALIMENTARIA DESDE EL SECTOR
SALUD
PLAN INTEGRAL DE ATENCIÓN
A MUNICIPIOS EN POBREZA A
RIESGO DE DESNUTRICION
Vigilancia y Detección
temprana de casos y
población en riesgo
Priorizados
102
municipios
Diseño de Sistemas
Diagnóstico de Casos y
Vigilancia Nutricional
Recolección y Análisis de Datos
Para Evaluar Estado Nutricional
en  5 años (P/T)
(*) CRN Centro de Recuperación
Reducción de riesgo
de morbilidad y
mortalidad
Optimización del
Manejo clínico de casos de
la Desnutrición Aguda
Normas y Lineamientos para
Alimentación
a Grupos.
Entrega de
raciones a grupos
(CRN, CCA)
Capacitación a 335 Profesionales
19 hospitales en 16 areas de Salud
sobre manejo de la desnutrición
aguda
Capacitación
a personal de CRN(*) -54
Información
Educación y
comunicación
(IEC)
PMA
Projects focused in women, aimed to help them to sustain their family patrimony
Results
Introducción of garden crops
with higher nutritional value
Adaptation to climate
hazards
and
Development
•More food
•Better water use
•Improvement of leaving
conditions
Exchange work-food
Benefit 12,000 families
Soil Conservation in the
parcels of 7,900 families
Conservation of 5,200
Ha
ORGANISMO INTERNACIONAL REGIONAL DE SANIDAD
AGROPECUARIA
(OIRSA)
Outlook of more likely to appear diseases for each
producing area according to above, normal or
below normal rainfall scenarios.
ORGANISMO INTERNACIONAL REGIONAL DE SANIDAD
AGROPECUARIA
(OIRSA)
Regional Actions
•
•
•
•
•
•
Characterization of mayor risk zones
Characterization of enzoothics diseases
Thecnology transfer to ranchers for better practices
Production and storage of alterantive animal food
Movilization of animals
Integration of local and national assitance teams
Follow- up and other applications
Water management
2001-2002 Climate information for vulnerability
reduction in Central America
Lessons learned
Preparing and disseminating climate outlooks
in Regional Climate Forum helped national
and
regional
organization
to
reduce
vulnerability of more vulnerable groups.
Lessons learned
Use of telecommunication technology to quickly
disseminate Climate Outlooks to sectors
stakeholders showed to be a very cost efficient
Mechanism to enlarge the target groups and
accelerate the information flow.
Lessons learned
Regional Climate Forum proved to be a cost efficient
way for producing and disseminating information
valuable for risk reduction of vulnerability
Networking between climate information producers,
and agriculture, food security, health, risk management
organizations helped to overcome resource limitations.
Lessons learned
Regional plans cope with with potential 2002 ENSO
impacts triggered actions in favor of vulnerable
groups, that ended in better life conditions.
Plans for food security, helped the Region to protect
vulnerable population from malnutrition and health
problems exacerbated by climate variability.
Lessons learned
Use of seasonal climate outlooks to reduce vulnerability of
Central America vulnerable groups showed to be tool to
adapt
to
climate
variability.
Adaptation plans applied improved communities position to
cope with potential climate change in the long run.
Lessons learned
Efforts are needed to enlarge social capital by
empowering
social groups to use information and
promote development strategies.
Comité Regional de Recursos Hidráulicos del
Itsmo Centroamericano
Muchas Gracias