Transcript Japan and Post-2012 Climate Change Framework

Japan and Post-2012 Climate Change Framework
Takashi Hattori
(APEC Secretariat)
11-12 October 2007
Conference on Climate Change and Security in Asia
Outlines – Japan and Post-2012 CC Framework
• Security and Climate Change – Japan’s view
• Environment Council’s Report on Climate Security
• Japan’s “Cool Earth 50” Proposal
• Towards Post-2012 Climate Change Framework
• Recommendations
Security and Climate Change – Japan’s view
Comprehensive Security
• Comprehensive Security Study Group [1980]
Comprehensive Security Strategy.
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- Defend nation from military threat
- Maintain free and open international order
- Realize energy security
- Achieve food security
- Take measures against natural disasters
Security and Climate Change – Japan’s view
Human Security (1)
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UNDP [1994] Human Development Report
- Economic Security
- Food Security
- Health Security
- Environmental Security
- Personal Security
- Community Security
- Political Security
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( http://hdr.undp.org/reports/global/1994/en/pdf/hdr_1994_ch2.pdf )
• UN Trust Fund for Human Security -- was established in
1999 on the basis of the contribution from Japan.
Security and Climate Change – Japan’s view
Human Security (2)
• UN Commission on Human Security -- was established
in 2001 under the initiative of Japan and UN SecretaryGeneral.
• Co-Chairs:
Mrs. Sadako Ogata, Former United Nations High Commissioner for
Refugees
Prof. Amartya Sen, Master, Trinity College, Cambridge University
• “Outline of the Report of the Commission on Human Security”
[2003] http://www.humansecurity-chs.org/finalreport/Outlines/outline.pdf
• “The focus must broaden from the state to the security of people - to
human security.”
• “Human security complements state security, furthers human
development and enhances human rights. It complements state
security by being people-centered and addressing insecurities that
have not been considered as state security threats.”
Environment Council’s Report on Climate Security
Sub-Committee on International Climate Change Strategy, Global
Environmental Committee, Central Environment Council [May, 2007]
• Who must act: Fundamentally, nations must act. … However, measures to
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respond to changes in the climate, a "global public good," must involve all
corporations, organizations and individuals, since there are many activities
that are not determined by national governments, and which must be dealt
with by all related stakeholders.
What values to protect? What must be protected is the safety and welfare
of citizens.
• What threats? The threats from climate change caused by emissions of
greenhouse gases are broad, imperiling food production and economic
activities, and harming the ecosystems that form the basis for these
activities; these problems in turn may give rise to international conflicts.
• In what manner? Each nation must not only develop appropriate
mitigation and adaptation measures based on scientific data, but must also
cooperate with international society in order to protect the climate which
serves as a global public good.
Japan’s “Cool Earth 50” Proposal
Prime Minister Abe’s Speech
• Prime Minister Abe, Invitation to “Cool Earth 50” - 3
Proposals, 3 Principles - May 24, 2007
http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/abespeech/2007/05/24speech_e.html
• “Asia is the center of growth in the world, and if we
neglect this issue in Asia, we run the risk of giving deep
negative impacts for the future of the entire world.”
• Proposal 1: Long-Term Strategy
• Proposal 2: Mid-Term Strategy
• Proposal 3: Launching a National Campaign for
Achieving the Kyoto Protocol Target
Japan’s “Cool Earth 50” Proposal
Concerns
• The first concern is that endeavors to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions would hinder economic growth. I believe it is possible to
maintain economic growth while promoting emission reduction by rallying human wisdom to
develop technologies and reform social life. In particular, Japan, as a country with advanced
technologies, can make a significant contribution to making them compatible.
• The second concern is that even if your own country takes
steps to address the issue, it will not lead to the resolution of
the issue on a global scale unless other countries also take
action. This is absolutely true. Global warming is an issue that should be addressed by the
entire world. The entire world lives on the same Earth and breathes the same air. This is precisely
why it is indispensable to establish a new framework in which both industrialized and developing
countries address this issue together.
• The third concern is the argument that goes: is it not unfair to
ask developing countries to take steps. The reality is that some of the
developing countries are emitting substantial amounts of greenhouse gases, and their
participation is indispensable. I believe it is possible to establish an equitable framework by
making a mechanism which enables each country to take measures according to its responsibility
and capability. At the same time, by promoting technology transfers from industrialized countries
to developing countries, we must also narrow the gap between our capabilities to respond to this
issue.
Japan’s “Cool Earth 50” Proposal
Long-Term Strategy
• Setting a long-term target of cutting global emissions by
half from the current level by 2050 as a common goal for
the entire world.
• Presenting a long-term vision for developing innovative
technologies and building a low carbon society, centering
on those technologies.
Japan’s “Cool Earth 50” Proposal
Mid-Term Strategy – 3 principles (1)
• The first principle is that all major emitters must
participate, thus moving beyond the Kyoto Protocol,
leading to global reduction of emissions.
• The post-2013 framework for combating global warming
must make greater strides than the current Kyoto
Protocol towards the global goal of halving emissions by
2050.
• To that end, we must create a framework in which all
major emitters of carbon dioxide participate, including
the United States, the world's largest, China, the second
largest, and India, the fifth largest.
Japan’s “Cool Earth 50” Proposal
Mid-Term Strategy – 3 principles (2)
• The second principle is that the framework must be
flexible and diverse, taking into consideration the
circumstances of each country.
• Each country has an obligation to reduce emissions
under the principle of "common but differentiated
responsibilities and respective capabilities." The
measures by industrialized and developing countries do
not need to be the same, and even within developing
countries, capabilities and circumstances differ between
emerging economies and other countries. The
framework must, therefore, be flexible and diverse so as
to enable each country to maximize its efforts to reduce
emissions.
Japan’s “Cool Earth 50” Proposal
Mid-Term Strategy – 3 principles (3)
• The third principle is that the framework must achieve
compatibility between environmental protection and
economic growth by utilizing energy conservation and
other technologies.
• A global response will require compatibility with each
country's economic growth. If the framework required
economic growth to be sacrificed, the participation of
many countries cannot be expected.
• The key to achieving compatibility is technological
development and its widespread use. The participation
of the entire world will become possible by creating a
framework which promotes advancements in and use of
cutting-edge technologies such as hybrid cars and solar
batteries.
Towards Post-2012 Climate Change Framework
June 2007
Heiligendamm Summit (G8)
September
2007
APEC Leaders’ Meeting
November
2007
East Asia Summit
December
2007
COP13
July 2008
Hokkaido Toyako Summit (G8)
Recommendations
• Recommendation 1. Climate change must be considered
as a comprehensive/ human security concern.
• Recommendation 2. All nations must choose a
development path towards a low-carbon society.
• Recommendation 3. All stakeholders must re-consider
consumption and production pattern.
• Recommendation 4. Innovative technologies must be
developed and disseminated.
• Recommendation 5. Post-2012 Climate Change
Framework must consider long-term objective and midterm measures.