Transcript Dr. Hamacher Berlin

Energy as new vector in urban planning
Energy as new vector in urban planning
1.
Urban planning
2.
How to analyse a city energetically?
3.
How to unfold future opportunities?
4.
Define “energy areas” for the further development
5.
Challenges
6.
Outlook and conclusion
Urban planning
Urban planning
+
is one of the oldest cultural techniques of mankind
+
is driven in parts by architects, in parts by rather
pragmatic considerations to supply new business
opportunities and cheap housing
+
environment a major issue (noise, emissions and so
forth) but energy is only considered a minor item
In times of climate change: a new urban planning is required
including energy and the impact of climate change as
major consideration!
How to analyse a city energetically?
Time
How to analyse a city energetically?
Electricity demand [MW]
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
Hours of a year
6000
7000
8000
Heat demand [MW]
How to analyse a city energetically?
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
Hours of a year
6000
7000
8000
How to analyse a city energetically?
Space
How to analyse a city energetically?
How to analyse a city energetically?
+
add energy in the existing
planning tools like GIS.
+
make early estimates of
heat, cooling and
electricity demand
+
embed the results for
new quarters in the
overall picture of the city
+
look then for city-optimal
not for quarter-optimal
solutions
How to analyse a city energetically?
+
create a data-base on buildings, major services
and industry, use modern methodologies like
laser scanning to add as much information as possible
+
local authorities should supply in regular frequencies
energy reports about the city as a whole
+
co-operation with the local suppliers to up-data the
data-base and to include time resolved information
+
map available renewable resources, map waste heat
reservoirs
+
supply special energy reports for new building areas
How to unfold future opportunities?
Models help to understand opportunities and
technical limits
New-Urbs
TIMES-NT
Monte-Carlo
Simulation of
new demands
Future opportunities
Future opportunities
City from outside.
Oil/Gas
CO2
Electricity
Waste
New fuels
Certificates
Certificates
Electricity
Biomass, Biogas, Electricity from Renewable Sources,
Geothermal, Waste heat from industry, …
City from inside.
Households
District heat
CHP-electricity
Service
Biogas/
Hydrogen
Industry
Traffic
Final Energy [GWh/a]
City Model of Vienna
Household
Industry
Private Service
Public Transport
Public Service
Private Transport
Source: Winkelmüller
Results
3500
Cooking gas
Cooking elec
Washing advance
Washing new
Washing stock
Light advanced
Light new
Light stock
Dish washer advanced
Dish washer new
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
15
20
13
20
11
20
09
20
07
20
05
20
03
20
02
0
20
Pieces [*1000]
3000
Dish washer stock
Fridge advanced
Fridge new
Fridge stock
Results
Irradiation [kW/m²]
URBS
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
hours
350
300
Codensing Boiler
250
Solar thermal
200
150
Combined heat and
power
100
50
3168
3156
3144
3132
3120
3108
3096
3084
3072
3060
3048
3036
3024
3012
0
3000
Heat production [MW]
400
Monte Carlo simulation
Source: Herrmann
Challenges
Development of new structures:
+
ageing societies
+
new definition of workplaces due to information and
communication technologies, only a fraction of the time
in the “office”
+
new forms of shopping: will we by at some time vegetables
via the internet, will a completely new infrastructure come
up for home delivery?
+
how will the service sector be organised in the future?
How will banks, insurance companies, schools, hospitals
operate?
Challenges
City as centre of festivals and other
leisure activities
Summary and outlook
+
cities can play a major role in reaching a sustainable
energy future
+
urban planning has to be revised to include energy as
a major pillar in the reasoning
+
analysing the energy situation, monitoring developments
should be become a “daily” procedure in city
administration (building data base, …)
+
energy models help to show future opportunities and
challenges, the use of models should also become part
of the planning procedures
+
many challenges like “new economy” of cities require
completely new approaches
+
urban planning considering energy might become of the
key technologies for the 21st century