Transcript 18 billion m 3 - 5th World Water Forum Content Management System

WATER ISSUES IN THE EASTERN EUROPE:
•Impact Of Climate Change On Water Resources,
Vulnerability And Adaptation To Climate Change
5TH WORLD WATER FORUM REGIONAL MEETING
July 03-04, 2008,
Skopje- MACEDONIA
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GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION
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TÜRKİYE’S DATA
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Türkiye’s Population
: 70,6 million
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Türkiye’s Surface Area
: 78 million ha
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Rural Population
: 29.5 %

Urban Population
: 70.5 %

GNP per Capita
: 7957 USD
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Arable land
: 28 million ha

Irrigable land
: 25,75 million ha

Economically irrigable land
: 8,5 million ha
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WATER POTENTIAL OF TÜRKİYE
ANNUAL PRECIPITATION
501 Billion m3
NEIGHBOUR COUNTRIES
7 Billion m3
SURFACE FLOW
193 Billion m3
ANNUAL SURFACE
WATER
98 Billion m3
SURFACE FLOW
186 Billion m3
EVAPORATION
274 Billion m3
Infiltration to Aquifers
41 Billion m3
GROSS WATER
POTENTIAL
234 Billion m3
NET
112 Billion m3
Total consumption
40 Billion m3
ANNUAL GROUNDWATER
14 Billion m3
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Türkiye is located in a semi- arid region;
precipitation varies according to time and region
2500 mm
250 mm
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MAIN SOURCE OF WATER IS
PRECIPITATION
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Precipitation in Türkiye by process of
hydrological cycle is quite uneven,
Annual mean precipitation in long term is
643 mm,
Minimum average in drought period is
525 mm,
Maximum average in wet period is 800 mm,
Fluctuation from average occurs is about
20% in Türkiye.
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TÜRKİYE’S ANNUAL AVAILABLE
WATER POTENTIAL IS VARIABLE
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In wet period
: 135 Billion m3
In drought period : 90 Billion m3
Difference
: 45 Billion m3
This case indicates 50% fluctuation.
It is necessary that water demand in drought
period should be satisfied by 50% less than
that of wet period.
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TÜRKİYE IS NOT A WATER RICH
COUNTRY
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Total Available Water Volume : 112 Billion m3
Türkiye’s Population
: 70,6 Million
Water Availability Per Capita : 1.600 m3/year
These values indicate that Türkiye is
regarded as a “water stress” country.
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WATER SAVING AND PROTECTION
For that reason;
 To use water cautiously,
 To avoid using water excessively,
 To use less water consuming technologies
in irrigation and in daily life is important.
Besides, it is necessary
 To avoid polluting scare water resources.
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WATER CONSUMPTIONS
BY SECTORS
Year 2007
Industrial
% 20
Industrial
% 11
Domestic
% 15
Year 2023
Irrigation
% 74
Domestic
% 16
Irrigation
% 64
Irrigation
: 29,5 billion m3 (%74)
Irrigation
: 72 billion m3 (%64)
Domestic
: 6,2 billion m3 (%15)
Domestic
: 18 billion m3 (%16)
Industrial
: 4,3 billion m3 (%11)
Industrial
: 22 billion m3 (%20)
TOTAL
: 40 billion m3
TOTAL
: 112 billion m3
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USAGE OF WATER POTENTIAL
Unused
64%
%64
71,5 Billion m3
40,5 Billion m3
Used
36%
%36
In order to harness unused 64% water potential, water
storing facilities (Dams) are to be constructed.
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IMPORTANCE OF DAMS
In Türkiye;
Dams are necessary so
as to mitigate the impacts
of droughts and floods
resulted from climate
change.
 The number of Dams
constructed according to
ICOLD standard is 592.
 Active storing capacity
of dams in operation is
66 billion m3.
Atatürk Dam
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MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
IN WATER RESOURCES
 Water needs can only be satisfied if water
resources are properly managed.
 To this end, three precautions are
significant;
 Increasing water supply
 Decreasing water demand
 Protection water quality
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PRECAUTIONS
TO INCREASE WATER SUPPLY
1. Increasing water storage capacity
2. Transferring water between basins
3. Increasing forested areas.
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INCREASE IN
WATER STORAGE CAPACITY
 Since Türkiye is located in semi-arid climate
zone, it is vital to consume water in
agricultural irrigation for food security and in
domestic water supply for sanitation.
 Therefore, it is essential for water supply in
arid periods to increase the number of
existing dams and the active storage capacity
of the water storage facilities, which is 66
billion m3.
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WATER TRANSFER
BETWEEN BASINS
 Drought and global climate change result in
changes of precipitation regime of basins.
 It has been forecasted that the precipitation
level may decrease in some basins while
increasing in other basins.
 For that reason, water transfer between
basins is crucial.
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INCREASE IN FORESTED AREAS
 Türkiye has launched National Afforestation
and Erosion Control Action Plan (2008-2012).
 Afforestation, rehabilitation of degraded
forest in the 2,3 million ha are to be realized
by means of this action plan.
 In this way, it has been targeted to regulate
water regime, improve water quality, control
erosion, combating desertification and global
warming.
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DECREASE IN WATER DEMAND
 Implementation of modern irrigation systems
 Reduction of water losses in city water
distribution network and in irrigation network
 Water basin management
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MODERN IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
 As of 2003, DSİ policy has been shifted from
classical open canal to closed (piped) water
distribution networks saving more water
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IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
Open canal (43%)
Canalette (46%)
Piped (11%)
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IMPLEMENTATION OF MODERN
IRRIGATION METHODS
Amount of water consumed by means
of agricultural irrigation per ha
 Surface Irrigation
10,000 m3 / ha
 Sprinkler Irrigation
6,500 m3 / ha
 Trickle Irrigation
4,000 m3 / ha
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REDUCTION OF WATER LOSSES IN
CITY WATER DISTRIBUTION AND IN
IRRIGATION NETWORK
 Especially in some cities, water losses
should be minimized by means of
rehabilitation of old distribution networks.
 40% water saving is possible by shifting
from classical irrigation to modern
irrigation networks.
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RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT
So as to determine water budget, it is
essential to manage the watershed area
as a whole, taking into account its
surface and ground water resources .
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PROTECTION OF WATER QUALITY
It is significantly important to protect
the quality of water.
Waste water sources threaten fresh
water resources. Each drop of water
used is transformed as waste water. For
that reason, reduction amount of water
by means of saving also decreases
amount of waste water.
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NEW TRENDS
IN WATER MANAGEMENT
 Water Management Policies are revised
by taking into account in Türkiye;
 European Union Approaches
 Global and Regional Developments
 Sustainability
 Present and future needs :
- urbanization
- industrialization
- agricultural production.
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NEW TRENDS
IN WATER MANAGEMENT
In addition to the public sector
involvement,
private
sector
is
encouraged in realization of water
related infrastructure.
Besides, the operation, management
and renovation of these facilities are
transferred to the beneficiaries.
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NEW TRENDS
IN WATER MANAGEMENT
 Legal arrangements have been completed so as
to develop Türkiye’s renewable energy resources
in short time by means of participation of private
sector in construction and management of Dam
and HEPPs.
 As a result of these legal arrangements, private
companies have applied to realize 1.432 HEPPs
having 18.764 MW installed capacity.
 The total amount of the investment of these
projects are above 25 billion US Dollars.
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NEW TRENDS
IN WATER MANAGEMENT
The Operation and Management responsibilities of
irrigation networks developed by DSI have been
transferred to Water User Organizations.
Operated area by DSI
4% (0,12 million ha)
( 2,9 million ha )
Transferred area
96%
Water User Organizations:
1- Local Authorities
2- Water User Associations
3- Village Authority
4- Groundwater irrigation Cooperatives
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INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT
PROJECTS
 Water Related Integrated projects plays important
role in sustainable development of countries.
 GAP Project in Türkiye and Vardar Valley
Development Project in Macedonia
are good
examples that both countries attaches importance to
integrated development projects.
 Within the scope of these development projects, a
number of dams and HEPPs, irrigation networks, and
flood control structures will be realized.
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PRECAUTIONS AGAINST CLIMATE
CHANGE
 Policies towards effective use and protection
of all natural resources, especially water
resources
are
to
be
devised
and
implemented by taking into account vital
needs of future generations.
 This would be the greatest service to human
being.
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We hope to see you
16-22 Mart 2009
in Istanbul at
5th World Water Forum
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THANK YOU
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