Transcript Kyoto Protocol

Kyoto Protocol and its
implementation in Romania
Dr. I.Purica
Ministry of Environment
Romania
• Kyoto Protocol in Romania
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
• UNFCCC
(UNFCCC)
- signed by Romania in 1992
- ratified by Law no. 24/1994
- Romania, a country with the process of transition to a market economy,
is included in Annex I.
• National Commission on Climate Change
- established by Governmental Decision H.G. no. 1275/1996
- inter-ministerial body
- coordinated by the Ministry of Environment and Water Management
- to promote the necessary measures and actions for a unitary
application of the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol’s provisions at the
national level
Flexible mechanisms provided by Kyoto Protocol
• Joint Implementation (JI)
 between parties included in Annex I of UNFCCC (developed countries – economies in
transition)
 The only mechanism implemented in Romania at this moment
• Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
 between a party included in Annex I of UNFCCC and a party which is not on the list of
Annex I (developed countries – developing countries)
 at this moment Romania has no projects in this direction
• Emissions Trade(ET)
 between parties included in Annex I of UNFCCC
 at this moment it is not an active mechanism EU ET Directive starts implementation
• The Kyoto Protocol
- signed at UNFCCC - COP 3 in Kyoto, in 1997
- ratified in Romania by Law no. 3/2001
- Romania was the first country from Annex I of UNFCCC to ratify this
document.
• Bilateral Agreements
- Agreements for Joint Implementation projects developing
- Signed between Romanian Government and other states included in the
Annex I of UNFCCC: the Netherlands, Switzerland, Austria, Norway,
Denmark, Sweden, France and also with the World Bank (Prototype Carbon
Fund). Statement of intent signed with Japan.
Kyoto Protocol – Romania’s commitments
• To reduce greenhouse gas emissions in 2008-2012 with 8% from the emissions
level recorded in 1989
• To establish, no later than 2007, a national system for the estimation of
greenhouse gas emissions
• To establish a National Registry of greenhouse gas emissions before the
starting of the first commitment period
• To draft and implement policies with a view to promote sustainable
development
• Emission credits resource
Greenhouse gas emissions trends by gas (Gg CO2 equivalent)
GHG
EMISSION
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
182447
166486
129696
130424
130177
126804
133045
138655
123864
109007
91800
94577
98759
105641
Net CO2
emission
170007
151094
113135
112957
111762
107765
114787
121306
106206
89488
73388
76892
80218
89670
CH4
51735
45693
39989
34775
32740
31670
31972
32209
28620
26754
25739
25728
25105
24324
N2O
27866
18785
10116
9890
10550
9236
9723
8669
7949
5938
6590
6559
7011
6068
PFCs
785
496
460
328
318
342
395
398
453
489
477
503
508
525
CO2
emission
TOTAL
Thou. tones
CO2 Eq
250393
216088
163700
157951
155371
149014
158878
182582
143228
122668
1999
106194
2000
109662
2001
112842
2002
120587
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION in ROMANIA (projection)
300000
thousand tones CO2 Eq
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
0
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Year
Emission
KYOTO target
• The past
Projects are registered by the Ministry of Environment and Water Management,
These projects are analyzed within the National Commission on Climate Change
and, depending of the decision, are proposed for further investigation in order to
establish the proper documentations for approval.
 Project Design Document (PPD), examined by the National Commission on Climate
Change, should contain:
 description of the project
 the baseline study
 monitoring plan
 project risks assessment
List of Joint Implementation Projects in Romania
No
Projects
Agreement
Swiss Thermal Energy Project in Buzau and
Pascani (AIJ/JI)
Development of the municipal utilities - Heating
System in Fagaras - second stage
MoU Switzerland
3.
Modernisation of 3 hydro units in Portile de Fier
I hydrostation project
ERUPT 2 – the
Netherlands
4.
Refurbishing of the cement factories Alesd and
Campulung
Modernization of the first 4 hydro units in
Portile de Fier II hydrostation Project
ERUPT 2 – the
Netherlands
6.
Geothermal energy use in Oradea-Area 2 and
Beius District Heating Systems
MoU Denmark
7.
“Sawdust 2000” Project
MoU Denmark
8.
Afforestation of 7000 ha degraded agricultural
soils
9.
Landfill gas recovery in 6 major cities Project
1.
2.
5.
10
Municipal Cogeneration Targoviste
11.
Rehabilitation of Bucharest District Heating
System**
MoU Norway
ERUPT 3 - the
Netherlands
Host Country
Agreement with PCF
ERUPT 4 - the
Netherlands
ERUPT 4 – the
Netherlands
MoU Switzerland
• The future
Managing AAUs
Allocate AAUs to meet KP commitment (-8%)
Determine reserve AAU for post 2012 evolution
Use AAUs to guarantee ERUs generated before 2008 in JI
projects
Develop green investment schemes
Sell AAUs directly to support local pollution abatement initiatives
GgCO2 available AAUs after meeting KP commitment (-8%)
0
-20000
-40000
-60000
-80000
-100000
20
12
20
10
20
08
20
06
20
04
20
02
20
00
19
98
19
96
19
94
19
92
19
90
-120000
The ERUs “economic cycle”
Identification - Data base of ERU generating projects: ready for
technology and local partners
Production - Support fund for projects financial schemes (Green
Investment Scheme: WB, JBIC, bilateral): cover overall project risk
Certification - Operational projects: ERU certified for transfer in
JI or ET mechanisms, also approved for AAU guarantee.
Selling - Emission credits exchange: allows ERU trade by local and
international companies for ERUs not under JI transfers.
Checking - Monitoring of projects ERU generation
The ERUs institutional framework
National strategy on climate change for Kyoto Protocol/EU
Directive on ET implementation
Inventory and reporting (national communication)
Register
National Allocation Plan
EU emissions trading scheme setting up and implementation
Agency dedicated to managing the process
Proposals for Joint Implementation Projects in Romania
 Increase of energy efficiency in main economic sectors or activities
Rehabilitation of the district heating systems
Construction (or rehabilitation) of co-generation installations (combined production of
thermal and electric energy)
Recuperation of GHGs coming from urban waste landfills
Fuel switching in energy productive installations
Construction (or rehabilitation) of energy production installations which create clean
energy (especially hydroelectric, geothermal, wind, solar, biogas or biomass)
Minimization of GHGs emissions coming from agriculture or cattle breading activities
Afforestation and/or reforestation of land
THANK YOU
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