Transcript AnT-ERA, PPT-presentation - The Scientific Committee on Antarctic

A biology research program of the
Scientific Committee on Antarctic Reserach (SCAR)
studying
Biological processes
on ecological temporal scales
as of January 2014, partially updated January 2016,
provided by Julian Gutt
©: C. Cheng, P. Convey/BAS, J. Gutt, AWI/Marum, F. Hinz, H. Link, NASA, J. Turner
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The Antarctic is changing, parts of it are changing rapidly:
climate change & direct human impact
Antarctic ecosystems are unique but not isolated.
Rapid environmental change provides
a globally significant opportunity
to understand ecosystem functioning.
Research demands unique but not isolated approaches.
© J. Gutt
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How close to the cliff are we?
What happens before we reach the cliff?
What does the cliff look like?
What happens behind the cliff?
To answer thiese questions we have to:
examine biological PROCESSES,
define their TOLERANCE limits and
determine RESISTANCE and RESILIENCE to change.
© J. Gutt
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Thresholds:
when environmental changes cause rapid
ecological changes (similar to 'tipping point')
Resilience:
self-repairing capacity of an ecosystem
Resistance:
ability of an ecosystem to resist perturbations and
disturbances without being significantly changed
Adaptation:
adjustment of an organism to a changing or stabe
environment.
Modern biomolecular studies analyse the rates
at which genetic information is translated to
metabolically relevant substances ("omics") and,
thus, allow conclusions on the adaptation of organisms.
© J. Gutt
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The scientific core of AnT-ERA are the three themes in the centre
with a cascadal flow of information from one level to the other,
and interacting with a broader scientific community.
environment al variabilit y & climat e change
physiological/
biomolecular
perf ormance
global
cooperat ion
reviews &
publicat ions
out reach
funding
capacit y
building
populat ion processes & species t rait s
dat a bases
& syst ems
act ion
recommendat ions
ecosyst em f unct ioning & services
logist ics
communicat ion
-
disseminat ion
-
coordinat ion
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© J. Gut t
Theme 1:
Physiological limits, biomolecular processes, and thresholds
Antarctic icefish: P. macropterus
© Gutt et al.
Somero 2012. Ann Rev Mar Sci
Blue mussel, example from temperate intertidal (Califormia)
© J. Gutt
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Theme 2: Population processes
Introduced plants reproduce
due to climate-induced
invasion of pollinators.
© P. Convey, BAS; South Georgia
Ecosystem functioning changes
where predators invade
© Gutt et al.
© J. Gutt, Peter I. Island
© BAS; South Georgia
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Theme 3: Ecosystem functioning & services
-
carbon storage,
maintenance of biocomplexity,
production and regeneration
response to climate change
identification of drivers
• experiments
• models
• field work
Examples of simulations
of benthic dynamics, e.g.
disturbance by and
recolonisation after
iceberg impact (left) and
SO deep-sea dynamics
(right).
Model performance:
M. Potthoff, AWI
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Deliverables
Communication - Dissemination - Coordination
• scientific (results and) reviews
• contributions to other initiatives, e.g., annual updates of the
Antarctic Climate Change and the Environment (ACCE) report
• capacity building (APECS & emerging national programmes)
• outreach
© J. Gutt
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Relationships to other scientific initiatives
Additional:
ACCE
AnT-ERA
biological processes:
thresholds & resilience
under climate change
genes,
EGBAMM
AntClim
21
predictions:
atmosphere,
cryosphere,
ocean
physical, biological,
chemical parameters
SOOS
ICED
pelagic, circumpolar
climate, fisheries,
biogeochemistry
biodiversity patterns
system evolution,
governance, mitigation
AntEco
other nat. &
internat. surveys
populations,
ecosystems
adaptation
CCAMLR
IASC
ANTOS
APECS
SOOS
IWC
ANTABIF
SC-ATAS (SCAR)
LGP
ANTOS
GACS
© J. Gutt
living ressources
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Why now?
New tools
Globally significant
(Rapid) change expected to continue
© J. Gutt
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Tools & Implementation
• in situ research (e.g. new key sites, new technology, experiments)
• laboratory approaches („-omics“, physiology)
• in silico analyses (process modelling, advanced data mining)
• Mini-grants
© J. Gutt
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Scientific steering committee:
L. Peck, C. Verde, B. Adams, I. Hogg, D. Wall, A. Takahashi, V. Cummings,
I.-Y. Ahn, C. Smith, E. Isla, I. Schloss, J. Xavier, S. Ott, J. Gutt (chief officier)
AntClim 21 liaison:
ICED liaison:
IASC liaison:
AntEco liaison:
APECS representatives:
EASIZ ex officio:
T. Bracegirdle
E. Murphy
M. Kędra
D. Cowan
C. Suckling & T. McIntyre
G. di Prisco
Three preparatory meetings:
Castiglionchello, May 2010; Delmenhorst, Oct 2011; Modena, Jan 2012
Draft of the proposal distributed for discussion and contributions to
LS SSG & "SCAR community" plus approx. 100 external experts.
Three official reviews (rating 1-10): average 8.3,
science: 9.0
Approved by SCAR delegates:
July 2012 (Portland OSC)
Official start:
July 2013 (Barcelona, Biology Symp.)
Re-evaluation:
2016/17
© J. Gutt
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Achievements (since 2013)
Scientific output
• peer-reviewed papers
• special volumes edited by AnT-ERA SC members
• official reports
Capacity building
• AnT-ERA workshop Molecular and Genetic Advances, Napoli 2014
• AnT-ERA workshop Interactions between Biological and Environmental Processes,
Barcelona 2015
• Contributions to many workshops, e.g. APECS, ANTOS, 1st SCAR Horizon Scan.
Dissemination of scientific information
• Web-site (∼52 000 clicks) & mailing list (>550 members)
• Major contributions to SCAR conferences and symposia
• Updates of the ACCE report to ATCM
• Contributions to the Antarctic Environments Portal
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Achievements (since 2013)
Support of early career scientists through
• travel mini-grants
• supervision/teaching
• chairing and orgganising APECS workshops
Research projects under the leadership of or with major
contributions from AnT-ERA SC members
• Polarstern 82 and 96 (Isla)
• James Clark Ross 15004 (Xavier)
• Cape Adare Expedition (Cummings)
• TEAM-Fish (di Prisco)
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Program Planning Group:
Delmenhorst-workshop, Oct 2011, missing: L. Peck, V. Cummings
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