Transcript 1. Introduction:

Workshop on sharing best practices with conducting TNAs
Bangkok, Thailand, 27-29 June 2007
The lessons learned and best
practices with conducting the TNA
of Viet Nam
Mr. Nguyen Mong Cuong
Research Center for Climate Change
and Sustainable Development
Outlines
1. Introduction
2. Technology
needs
assessment processes
3. Some lessons learned
Conclusion
1. Introduction
 Viet Nam (8º27-23º23 N and 102º08-109º30 E)
with the land area of 330,990 km2 located in
Southeast Asia.
 Three quarters of the land is mountainous and
hills with the elevation mostly from 100 to
1000m.
 The population of Viet Nam was 77,6 million
(2000) with average annual growth rate of 1.36%
 It is predominantly an agricultural country with
74% of its population are involved in agriculture,
7.4 million ha of agricultural lands.
 The forest areas are 9.3 million ha, forest
coverage increases from 27% in 1991 to 33.2% in
2000.
 The average annual GDP growth rate was 7.5%
during 1990-2004. GDP per capita (2004) 560
USD
 Sectoral contribution to GDP (2000):
Industry: 36.7%
Services: 38.7%
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing: 24.5%
Min istr y o f n a tur a l r eso ur c es a n d en v ir o n men t
o f v iet n a m
UN EP/GEF project "V iet N am: Expedited financing for measures for capacity
building in priority areas (phase I I )"
Technica l report on the identifica tion a nd
a ssessment of technology needs for GHG
emission reduction a nd clima te cha nge
a da pta tion in Viet Na m
Ha Noi, November 2005
1. Introduction (Cont’.)
 Viet Nam ratified UNFCCC on 16 November 1994 and
Kyoto Protocol on 25 September 2002.
 MONRE was assigned by the GOV as a national
authority for implementation of the UNFCCC & KP.
 INC has been submitted to UNFCCC on 2003; under
phase II of INC project “The technical report on
identification and assessment of technology needs
for GHG emission reduction and climte change
adaptation in Viet Nam“ has been submitted on 2005
2. Technology Needs Assessment processes
•
•
•
•
The Project “Expedited financing for measures for
capacity building in priority areas in Viet Nam
(Phase II)”
This project is a follow-up to the Initial National
Communication project
The Implementing Organization: International
Cooperation Department (ICD) of the Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE)
Duration: July 2004 – September 2005
The objective of the project: enhance capacity and
maintain the efforts to access and disseminate
information related to climate change technologies.
Three types of activity are required
for effective TNA
1. Institutional arrangements for
stakeholder engagement
2. TNA assessment processes
3. Implementation actions
The institutional arrangement of INC Phase II project
management
Ministry of
Natural
Resources and
Environment
International
Cooperation
Department
(ICD)
Climate Change
Country Team
Climate Change
Project
Managers
GHG
inventory
Group
Mitigation
Group
Secretariat Staff
Technical Expert
Team
V &A
Group
Identified a list of stakeholders who will sustain
the implementation process
Organization
MONRE
MOI
MOST
MPI
MOFA
MOF
MARD
MOT
Provinces and
cities
Sub - bodies
International Cooperation Dept.
National Environment Agency
Environment Dept.
Dept. of Hydrometeorology
National HMS
Dept. of Energy & Petroleum
Dept. of Science&Technology
Dept. of Science&Technology of industry
Dept. of Science&Technology of
Agriculture & forestry
Dept. of Science, Technology, Education
and Environment
Dept. of International organizations
Dept. of International Cooperation
Dept. of Agriculture
Dept. of Forestry
Dept. of Science &Technology
Vietnam Register
Role
National Focal Point Agency
Environment monitoring
Environment management
Hydrometeorology management
Climate change monitoring
Energy, RE management
EE & ES management
Science&Technology development in Industry
Science&Technology development in
Agriculture &Forestry
Project validation
Focal Point of foreign policies
Financing policies, fund, finance incentives
Agriculture, forestry and rural development
Environment management in transport
Gases pollution control of transport means
Local management
Identified sector industries, associations, and distributors involved
Enterprises
Sub bodies
Role
Dept. of Science& Technology
New tech. introduction
Regional Companies
Elec. Transmission and distribution
Dispatching Center
Data
Power plants
End users
Dept. of Science&Technology
New tech. introduction
Cement plants
End users
Dept. of Science&Technology
New tech. introduction
Steels plants
End users
Dept. of Science&Technology
New tech. introduction
Coal mines
End users
Dept. of Science&Technology
New tech. introduction
Petro companies
End users
Dept. of Science&Technology
New tech. introduction
Paper & pulp Mills
End users
State owned at
National level
ENV
Cement
Corporation
VINA Steel
VINACoal
PetroVietnam
VINA Paper
Identified sector industries, associations, and distributors involved (cont’)
Enterprises
Sub bodies
Role
Other Entities
Provincial level
Companies
- Domestic companies
Private sectors
End users
End users
- Foreign invested companies
- Joint venture companies
- State banks
Finance
Financing
- Private and foreign banks
- Funds
Foreign
counterparts
- Carbon funds
- Investors
- Carbon buyers
Co-project developers
Criteria for technology needs assessment
Code Key criteria
A
Environment
protection
B
Economic
development
C
Good social
impacts
D
Technology
Development
Sub- criteria
Criteria content
A1. GHG reduction potential The study is specialized in GHG
reduction technologies
A2. Local environment
Reduction of solid waste, liquid waster
quality
and air pollution
A3. Biodiversity and
Mineral, water, land, forest and bioresource conservation
resources
B1. Initial investment
Specific investment - Low investment per
product
B2. Payback period
High IRR
B3. Low O&M cost and
National circumstance
intensive
C1. Good impacts to
Improving local education, health care,
socioeconomicjob creation, poverty reduction, etc.
development of locals
C2. Less barrier on
Good public acceptance and participation
prevalence practice,
psychology
C3. Contributions to science Better tech. transfer, localization,
& technology capacity
manpower development.
D1. Advanced but
Mature commercialization. No second
established tech.
hand and high adaptability
D2. Appropriate tech ( but
Effective deployment, O&M, exploitation
established)
D3. Up scaling tech.
Easy apply and dissemination
Key priorities sectors for technology needs
Sectors
1. Energy production
and refining of
fuel ( including power
generation)
2. Industry
3. Transport
4. Household & Service
5. Agriculture
6. Forestry
Sub-sector’s activities
1. Energy production; 2. Energy transmission and
distribution; 3. Production, refining, storage and
transportation of oil and gas; 4. Fugitive gas and gas
recover; 5. Renewable energy application
1. Ferric and non-ferric metallurgy; 2. Building materials
production; 3. Ore-free mineral products; 4. Chemical
industry; 5. Food industry; 6. Textile
Road; Railways; Water transport
Usage of electrical energy and heat
1. Rice cultivasion; 2. Manure management;
3. Residues
1. Reforestation;
2. Afforestation
No of Technologies reduction GHG emissions have been
analyzed
Items
Sectors
Energy
1.Electricity
generation
2.Industry
3.Household
and Services
4.Transportation
Non-energy
1. Agriculture
2. Forestry
No. of
technologies
23
20
9
9
10
14
Priority Technologies identified in the project
Energy
1.Solar heating technology
2.Small and medium hydropower
3.Grid-connected biomass-fired for electricity generation
4.High efficiency fire - chamber technologies for coal - fired thermal power
plants.
5.Combined cycle gas turbines
6.Switching from oil, coal fired to gas in the thermal power plants.
7.Clean Coal technology
8.Oil field associated gas recovery and utilization
9.Reduction the electricity loss in transmission and distribution
Industry
1. Change from west to dry process in cement production
2. In brick production: Vertical shaft brick kiln; and Dry cellar and tunnel
fire one uninterrupted channel in brick production
3. BOF exhaust gas recovery device; BOF: basic Oxygen Furnace
4. Raw material preheated for electric arc furnace
Household and services
1.Compact lighting technology using compact lamp
2.High energy efficiency air conditioner, EER>10BTU/W
3.Using central air conditioning systems
4. Biogas for cooking and electric generation
Transportation
1. Implementing the road map of exhaust gases
standards for road transport means
2. Constructing and operating the public railway system
3. Developing the public transport system (bus), limiting
the number of motto-scooter/motorcycle in the big cities
4. Using LPG for the transport means in Vietnam
Agriculture
1. Water management from rice field
2. Livestock feed processing and modification
3. Rational application of fertilizer
Forestry
1. Forest conservation, reforestation, afforestation
2. Mechanization of timber processing and logging
3. Forest fire reduction
Some adaptation technologies to Climate change on
sectors of Agriculture, Water resources, Coastal zone
management has been analyzed, however it is primary and
has not comprehensive due to lack of data, information and
expertise's.
One Example: GHG reduction technologies in steel production
Identification of technologies
Technology
Saving
Investment
Age
1. DC arc furnace use water to cool the
furnace wall
5-10% electricity
40-50% electrodes
Data not avail.
1990
12-13%
1MUS$
1000kg/hr
1979
While reduction 1%
humidity, saving
18,000Kcal/Tcoal
18MUS$
3.2MT/year
1983
250Mcal/Tsteel
18MUS$
250T/hr
1962
70Mcal/T
8MU$
150T/shief
1981
10-30%
0.25MUS$/pair
1990
7. Ladle heating apparatus with
regenerative burners
56%
1.2MUS$
1990
8. Energy saving operating electric arc
furnace
13%
Data not avail.
1980
2. High frequency melting furnace
3. Drying and humidity control
equipment for refine coke oven
4. BOF exhaust gas recovery device
BOF: Basic Oxygen Furnace
5. Raw material preheated for
electric arc furnace
6. Heating furnace with regenerative
burners
One Example: GHG reduction technologies in steel production
Technology needs Assessment
Technology
1. BOF exhaust gas
recovery device.
BOF: basic Oxygen
Furnace
2. High frequency
melting furnace
3. Raw material
preheated for electric
arc furnace
4. Drying and humidity
control equipment for
refine coke oven
Tech. parameters
Energy
saving
80kWh/t
12.5%
70Mcal/t
306
MCal/t
coal
Cost
18 MUSD/
200t per
hour
1MUSD/
1t per hour
8MUSD/
150t per
batch
18 MUSD/
3Mt/year
2005-25
accumulated
CO2 reduction
of whole sector,
MtCO2eq.
Refurbishment
Reduction cost
USD/tCO2
Refurbishment
0.991
- 48.6
1.084
312.7
0.638
- 44.4
0.157
8.6
The barriers identified in TNA processes
Items
Barriers analysis
Inadequate access to technical and financial information and poor
Information
dissemination of information to technology users.
Difficulty for small and medium firms to access technology information
Insufficient level of public awareness for intensive activities on CC
technology for GHG emission reduction
Lack of information about potential market of technologies for investors
Technological
Inadequate infrastructure, lack of technical standards and supporting
institutions, low technical capabilities and technology knowledge base...
Lack of technological maintenance.
Lack of human resources that can provide consultancy on TNA and
technology transfer of climate change adaptation.
Market
Lack and absent of
technology market on GHG reduction and CC
adaptation.
Institutional
Inadequate legal, regulatory and institutional frameworks.
Insufficient support at the local level for encouraging energy efficient
projects, etc.
Lack of joint stakeholder networking and planning
Poor coordination among donors and within the country
Financial
Undeveloped system of environmental funds.
Lack of financial, tax and tariff policies on EST transfer project. Deficiency
of capital for updating technologies and environmental measures.
Lack of involvement of national banks in EST technology transfer.
3.Some lessons learned
+ TNA will be most successful when they focus on
technologies and actions that meet national
development goals while also responding to
climate change concerns, and when
implementation actions complement existing
development programs.
+ Effective TNA should actively engaged all key
stakeholders, including government agencies,
businesses, technical institutions, and
international partners in the selection of
technology priorities and design of actions to
overcome barriers to technology implementation.
+ It is necessary to build or strengthen the human,
scientific, technical and institutional capacity for
identifying, designing, developing, monitoring,
evaluating and hosting technological projects,
including targeted research projects, for bilateral
and multilateral funding
+ The main outputs of the TNA project will be the
good and important input of Viet Nam’s SNC
project, as expected result a draft action plan
framework for the transfer and adoption of ESTs
will be prepared during the implementation of
SNC
Conclusions
+ TNA help Viet Nam to identify their climate
change adaptation technology transfer priorities
and develop effective strategies to address them.
It can be powerful instruments for focusing the
attention of government agencies, the
international donor community and private sector
investors on a well-defined set of priority
activities.
+ Strengthening the technical and financial support
on TDT for reducing GHG emission and
adaptation to CC from International and donor
countries is necessary; and should be as part of
commitments by developed countries.
Thank you for your attention !
For more information please contact:
Climate Change Project Office
No.45 Tue Tinh Street, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
Tel: 844 – 9743195; Fax: 844 – 9743200
Email: [email protected]
or [email protected]
Website: www.noccop.org.vn