Transcript Climate Change Mitigation - Global Environment Facility

GEF Focal Area & Cross Cutting Strategies
Climate Change Mitigation
[email protected]
GEF Expanded Constituency Workshop
Central Africa Constituency
15-17 February, 2011
Hotel Memling, Kinshasa, DRC
Can we avoid Climate Change?
NO
Can we reduce Climate Change?
YES
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The International Context encourages
climate change mitigation activities
• The Cancun COP 16 confirms the target of
maintaining global warming below 2°C
• Each country to develop National Appropriate
Mitigation Actions (NAMAs)
• The price of conventional energy is high & will
continue to rise
• Role of deforestation understood & accepted
World Greenhouse Gas Emissions
14%
8%
F Gas
1%
18%
CH4
N2O
CO2
From
LUCF
CO2
From
Combustion
59%
Mainstreaming CCRM into UNDP Core Activities- RBA
RR Cluster Meeting
Greenhouse gas emissions in Sub-Sahara countries
5%
20%
CO2
CH4
11%
F Gas 0%
N 2O
CO2
From
LUCF
64%
Source: IPCC AR4, Synthesis Report (shares are for 2004)
All sectors & regions have the potential to contribute
Note: estimates don’t include non-technical options such as lifestyle changes
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The goal of GEF Climate Change
Mitigation is to support countries toward
a low-carbon development path
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Promote low-carbon technologies
Promote energy efficiency
Promote renewable energy
Low-carbon urban transport
Sustainable management land-use
change, & forestry (LULUCF)
• Enabling Activities & Capacity Building
GEF 5 promotes low-carbon
technologies
1.Technologies demonstrated, deployed &
transferred
2. Enabling policy environment and mechanisms
Prevision $300 M (out of $1 350 M GEF 5)
GEF 5 promotes energy efficiency
1. Policy, legal and regulatory frameworks
2. Sustainable financing mechanisms
Prevision $260 M (out of $1 350 M GEF 5)
GEF 5 promotes renewable energy
1. Policy and regulatory frameworks
2. Increased investment in RE technologies
Prevision $320 M (out of $1 350 M GEF 5)
GEF 5 promotes sustainable urban
transport
1. Legal and regulatory frameworks
2. Increased investment in sustainable transport
Prevision $250 M (out of $1 350 M GEF 5)
GEF 5 promotes the Conservation &
enhancement of carbon stocks through
LULUCF
1. Good management practices in LULUCF
2. Restoration and enhancement of carbon stocks
in forests and non-forest lands (peatlands)
Prevision $50 M (out of $1 350 M GEF 5)
GEF 5 supports enabling activities &
capacity building
1. National Communications and Other
Obligations under the UNFCCC
2. Countries can also receive support for
vulnerability & adaptation assessments,
capacity building, and technology needs
assessments
Prevision $50 M (out of $1 350 M GEF 5)
GEF CC Mitigation & Carbon Finance
(i) capacity building to help create enabling legal & regulatory
environments;
(ii) support of programmatic carbon finance & other activities
under the post-2012 climate regime;
(iii)demonstration of technical and financial viabilities of
technologies;
(iv)partial risk guarantees and contingent financing for carbon
finance projects; and
(v) co-financing of innovative projects, with credits to be retained
in the recipient country for further project replication.
Features of GEF & CDM
GEF
CDM
Mandate
Financial mechanism of
UNFCCC
Market-based mechanism of KP
Objective
To transform the markets
toward less-carbon-intensive
paths
To meet emissions targets for developed
countries and provide finances resources and
technology for developing countries
Strategy
Barrier removal; long-term;
catalytic
Project based; focusing on direct emissions
reduction
Modality
Upfront grant or concessional
financing for agreed
incremental costs
Payment on delivery of emissions reduction
(to improve project revenue streams)
Project
type
Preventive measures to
reduce/avoid CO2; primarily
RE, EE, and transport projects
End-of-pipe fixes to capture/decompose
gases of high GWP (HFC, CH4); relatively few
RE, EE, transport projects
M&V
Ex ante estimate; weak
traceability; self-reporting
Rigorous methodology; quantified,
monitored, verified, and certified
GEF & CDM: “Rule of Thumb” in the Past
What GEF has supported
What GEF has shied away from
GEF creates enabling legal, regulatory
environment; CF supports specific
projects.
o Creation and operation of DNAs
GEF demonstrates technical and
financial viability; CF replicates.
o PIN/PDD development
GEF provides partial risk guarantees;
CF participates in project financing.
GEF provides funding from non-CC
focal areas; CF project earns credits
from reduced/avoided emissions.
o CDM methodology development
o CDM project verification and
certification
o (Co-)Financing projects that earn
CERs
Climate Change Mitigation under GEF 5
• Focal Area Allocation
$1,360 million
• Under STAR
$1,088 million
• Contribution to Sustainable
Forest Management
$100 million
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As Climate Changes, Can We?
Kofi Annan, UN SG
Wednesday, November 8, 2006
A
Thank you for your kind attention
[email protected]