Transcript Building climate change impacts and adaptations into Water Safety

Building climate change impacts
and adaptations into Water Safety
Plans for low income communities
in African cities
Alison Parker, Tom Heath,
Keith Weatherhead
“Stronger service providers, better services for all”
Introduction
Aim
• Assess impacts of
climate change on water
and sanitation
• Recommend
adaptations
Naivasha
Lusaka
Antananarivo
Reviewing climate change impacts on
African urban communities
UNDP climate brief
National Adaption Programme of Action
(required by UNFCCC)
Deriving scenarios
Worst cases:
•Increased rainfall and rainfall intensity
•Decreased rainfall and rainfall intensity
Field assessment
Understanding current climate vulnerabilities
• Key stakeholder interviews
• Community observations
• Focus group interviews
Recommend adaptations
Example: Kanyama, Lusaka, Zambia
Worst case scenario: Increasing rainfall → Flooding
•Natural floodplain
•Unplanned settlement
200m
Example: Kanyama, Lusaka, Zambia
Worst case scenario: Increasing rainfall → Flooding
•Natural floodplain
•Unplanned settlement
•Shallow bedrock
Example: Kanyama, Lusaka, Zambia
Worst case scenario: Increasing rainfall → Flooding
•Natural floodplain
•Unplanned settlement
•Shallow bedrock
•Overflowing latrines
Adaptations:
•Clearing and
expanding drains
•Emptying latrines
•Elevated latrines
Uncertainties in climate change
impacts on African urban
communities
Increased rainfall
Negative impacts
Positive impacts
Uncertainties
in current
models
Decreased rainfall
Positive impacts
Areas at risk of flooding
Negative impacts
Areas at risk of water
shortages
Easy to define from field work
Impact of increased rainfall
•Flooding
Kanyama, Lusaka
Impact of increased rainfall
•Flooding
•Damage to water kiosks, pipes and houses
Kanyama, Lusaka
Kanyama, Lusaka
Impact of increased rainfall
•Flooding
•Damage to water kiosks, pipes and houses
•Overflowing latrines
•Increases exposure to pathogens
•Contaminates unimproved water supplies
Kanyama, Lusaka
Impact of increased rainfall
•Flooding
•Damage to water kiosks, pipes and houses
•Overflowing latrines
•Increases exposure to pathogens
•Contaminates unimproved water supplies
•Increased run off
•Increases sediment load in intake water
•Damages infrastructure
Karagita, Naivasha
Impact of increased rainfall
•Flooding
•Damage to water kiosks, pipes and houses
•Overflowing latrines
•Increases exposure to pathogens
•Contaminates unimproved water supplies
•Increased run off
•Increases sediment load in intake water
•Damages infrastructure
Antananarivo
•Increased water for irrigation
Impact of increased rainfall
•Flooding
•Damage to water kiosks, pipes and houses
•Overflowing latrines
•Increases exposure to pathogens
•Contaminates unimproved water supplies
•Increased run off
•Increases sediment load in intake water
•Damages infrastructure
•Increased water for irrigation
•Increased potential for rainwater harvesting
Impact of decreased rainfall
•Lower water table
•Water scarcity for both piped water and unimproved
source users
•Increased demand for piped supplies and lower
water pressures
•Long queues at kiosks
•Decreased hydroelectricity available for pumping
•Reduced greywater problems
Kanyama, Lusaka
Indirect climate change impacts on
African urban communities
Increased water
conflict
Crop failure
Increased
food prices
Reduced
employment
Migration to
urban areas
Reduced ability
to pay for water
and sanitation
Adaptations to flooding
Local operators
•Community education
•Hygiene during floods
•Flood-proof latrine construction (e.g. elevated designs)
Kanyama, Lusaka
Adaptations to flooding
Local operators
Community education
•Hygiene during floods
•Flood-proof latrine construction (e.g. elevated designs)
•Sanitary protection of boreholes against floods
Kanyama, Lusaka
Adaptations to flooding
Local operators
•Community education
•Hygiene during floods
•Flood-proof latrine construction (e.g. elevated designs)
•Sanitary protection of boreholes against floods
•Chlorination of water supply during floods
Chazanga, Lusaka
Adaptations to flooding
Local operators
•Community education
•Hygiene during floods
•Flood-proof latrine construction (e.g. elevated designs)
•Sanitary protection of boreholes against floods
•Chlorination of water supply during floods
Water utility
•NRW reduction
•Increased water quality monitoring and infrastructure inspection during
floods
Adaptations to flooding
Municipality
•Improve drainage system
CUA, Antananarivo
Adaptations to flooding
Municipality
•Improve drainage system
•Improve solid waste collection
Kamere, Naivasha
Adaptations to flooding
Municipality
•Improve drainage system
•Improve solid waste collection
•Improve sludge collection
Adaptations to water shortages
Local operators
•Ensure water supply is affordable
•Expand kiosk network into unserved areas
•Investigate alternative supplies
•Community education about health risks during droughts
Mirera, Naivasha
Adaptations to water shortages
Local operators
•Ensure water supply is affordable
•Expand kiosk network into unserved areas Chazanga, Lusaka
•Investigate alternative supplies
•Community education about health risks
during droughts
Utility
•Support network expansion
•Build more storage tanks
Adaptations to water shortages
Local operators
•Ensure water supply is affordable
•Expand kiosk network into unserved areas
•Investigate alternative supplies
•Community education about health risks during droughts
Utility
•Support network expansion
•Build more storage tanks
Municipality
•Engage in water allocation dialogues
Climate change awareness
Community
Local operators
Water Utility
Municipality Government
Consultants NGOs
Academics
Climate change awareness
Climate change adaptation in action
Community
Local operators
Water Utility
Government
Consultants
Municipality
NGOs
Climate change plans
Academics
Climate change impacts on African
urban communities: conclusions
Flooding > water shortages
8 / 11 communities
4 / 11 communities
Adaptations: accelerate existing water
management improvements, not new actions
www.wsup.com