Transcript Profilers Used on Atlantic Continental Shelf to Assess

Combining Acoustic Doppler
Current Profilers (ADCPs) with
Acoustic Arrays to Enhance
Interpretation of Fish
Movements.
Roger A. Rulifson, Jennifer Cudney-Burch,
Ryan Mulligan1, and Andrea Dell’Apa
Institute for Coastal Science and Policy
East Carolina University
1Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario
Mid-Atlantic Regional Association
Coastal Ocean Observing System
Baltimore, November 1, 2012
Concerns of the Eastern Seaboard
•
•
•
•
Wind farms
Offshore oil
Wave/tidal power
Climate
change/sea level
rise
• Storm surge
Concerns of the Eastern Seaboard
•
•
•
•
Wind farms
Offshore oil
Wave/tidal power
Climate
change/sea level
rise
• Storm surge
Concerns of the Eastern Seaboard
•
•
•
•
Wind farms
Offshore oil
Wave/tidal power
Climate
change/sea level
rise
• Storm surge
Concerns of the Eastern Seaboard
•
•
•
•
Wind farms
Offshore oil
Alternative energy
Climate
change/sea level
rise
• Storm surge
Isabelle Inlet, Hatteras Island, NC
North Carolina Concerns
• Wind farms
• Offshore exploration for
natural gas
• Barrier Island development/
inlet stabilization
• Wave and tidal energy
• Military uses – acoustics,
bombing ranges, etc.
• Sustainability of commercial &
sport fisheries
• Sea level rise/storm surge
A migratory fish
Coastal Migratory Pathways
• Marine mammals
• Sea turtles
• Atlantic and shortnose
sturgeons
• Coastal pelagic sharks,
skates and rays
• Anadromous fishes
(striped bass, shads,
river herrings)
• Coastal & estuarine
dependent species
Basic Questions -• What influences
seasonal migrations
along the coast?
• What role does Cape
Hatteras play in
influencing timing and
continuance of coastal
migratory pathways?
Spiny Dogfish
Squalus acanthias
• Animal behavior in
nature can tell us what
habitats are “best”
• Changing use patterns
often correlated with
anthropogenic change
• Spiny dogfish – most
hated and most
abundant coastal shark
in the world
Historical Migratory Paradigm
Springtime
northward
movement to
New England
and Canada
Canada
United
States
Summer
Atlantic Ocean
Overwinter off
North Carolina
Winter
Fall southward
movement to
North Carolina
A
Northwest Atlantic Ocean
Management practices in the NW
Atlantic Ocean were based on:
Generalized knowledge of
distribution and abundance
patterns from the NEFSC trawl
surveys and supporting scientific
research
www.fishbase.org
Connecting
habitats (NEFSC
data) averaged over
entire Eastern
Seaboard
Temperatures
8 – 11o C
Water depths
to 300 m
Salinities 3235 ppt
Traditional Mark and Recapture Locations Using
Commercial Fishing Vessels
Albemarle Sound
East Carolina University
mark/recapture studies,
1996-2011
Non-Acoustic Tagging Research,
1996-2007
2000
Distance
(Km)
Distance
Traveled
(Km)
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0
30
60
90
120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
Days at
At Large
(DAL)
Calendar
date
Days
large
(DAL)
Methods
• Mark-recapture tag study (1996-2008)
• Floy single barb dart with stainless steel insert
Seasonal Shifts in Sea Surface
Temperature (SST)
Winter SST
Summer SST
Habitats in Study Area
Cape
Hatteras
Cape Lookout (wind data)
Methods: Acoustic Tag Study
Acoustic Results
(Single detection rate coast-wide)
Year
released
Number
released
Number
detected
Detection
rate
2009
53
39
78%
2010
40
35
87.5%
Overall
93
74
80%
Overall Mark/Recapture rate of 47,000 releases = 1.2%
Preliminary Results: Array Detection
Acoustic Detections Confirm Seasonal
Migration Pattern
Gulf of
Maine
Delaware
Bay
North
Carolina
Acoustic Array –
always nice to have new stuff!
NOTE: This was covered with red
bottom paint prior to deployment.
RDI Workhorse and Trawl Deflector
Retrieval 6 weeks later – paint completely removed; bio-fouling
Acoustic Array, or “Listening Fence”
Shallow
ADCP: 30 ft
Mid-site @ 45 ft,
(not processed)
VR2W
Deep ADCP:
70 ft
Summary of Detections (Array)
Bottom water temperature (C)
Dogfish Passage, Jan-Apr 2009
Detected on multiple
receivers mid-array
Deep Currents - 2009
East
U
V
West
North
South
Deep Currents - 2009
East
West
North
South
Shallow Currents - 2009
East
u
West
North
South
v
Shallow Currents - 2009
East
West
North
South
Shallow Location
1
1
2
2
Shark #54099
Shallow Location
1
2
1
2
Shark #54099
Shallow Water Fish Detections
U
• Currents at the deep and
shallow site are very
similar, indicating a
relatively uniform alongshelf flow.
• Fish detections are
generally more common
when the current are
moderate (0.2-0.4 m/s)
and are flowing eastward
(+u component).
East
West
V
Shallow
Range: 6.3 – 18.7 ºC
Detections: 9.0, 10.5 – 12.0 ºC
2009 Detections
vs.
Bottom Temperature
(ADCP)
Deep
Range: 7.6 – 18.8 ºC
Detections: 9.5, 12.0 – 13.0 ºC
Published Temp Associations:
47 ºF or 8.3 ºC
February 2010
0.2
0.18
0.16
Preference for a
specific tidal height ?
0.14
0.12
Tidal Height (m)
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
MLLW
-0.02
-0.04
-0.06
-0.08
-0.1
100
50
# Frequency
of detections
of Occurrence
50
100
February 2010
0.2
0.18
0.16
0.14
A lot of sharks
detected around
MLLW
0.12
Tidal Height (m)
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
-0.02
-0.04
-0.06
-0.08
-0.1
100
50
# Frequency
of detections
of Occurrence
50
100
February 2010
0.2
0.18
0.16
0.14
0.12
Tidal Height (m)
0.1
A peak in the
detections at a
monthly tidal
minimum
( 8 sharks, 733
detections)
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
-0.02
-0.04
-0.06
-0.08
-0.1
100
50
# Frequency
of detections
of Occurrence
50
100
February 2010
1-week example
February 14 – 21, 2010
Tidal Height (m)
February 14 – 21, 2010
Tidal Height (m)
March 1-7, 2010
Tidal Height (m)
Biological Observations
• 1/3 of the tagged sharks moved around Cape Hatteras
• Redetection rates are very high (80%) compared to
conventional floy tag studies (1-4%)
• Sharks encountered the array multiple times within a
season (2-8 separate days)
• Residence time varied (10 minutes – 24 hours; multiple
days in a row)
• Crepuscular onshore / offshore movements ?????
• Hatteras Bight is an important migration pathway for
species of concern (Atlantic sturgeon & sand tiger sharks)
Remaining Challenges
• Behavioral data needs to be coupled with environmental
data for context – WHY do these animals move when they
do?
• Hatteras Bight is very dynamic – need to combine multiple
types of environmental data together to understand the
system
• Better methods for array deployment including receivers,
ADCPs, and passive acoustic devices (high energy,
commercial fishing)
Acoustic Wave Glider
Weather Station
Water Current Speed & Direction;
Wave Direction; Depth
Acoustics –Active
Salinity&&Passive
Temperature
Acknowledgements
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North Carolina Sea Grant
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Dewey Hemilright (F/V TarBaby)
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Chris Hickman (F/V BoutTime)
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Coastal Resources Management
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Ph.D Program, ECU
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ICSP, ECU
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Office of Diving / Water Safety, ECU •
Department of Biology, ECU
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Department of Physics, ECU
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Department of Geography, ECU
•
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
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Atlantic States Marine Fisheries
•
Commission
•
Island Hide-A-Way Campground
•
(Buxton, NC)
•
N.C. Division of Marine Fisheries
•
Oden’s Dock Marina (Hatteras, NC) •
•
Avon Seafood (Hatteras, NC)
•
Vemco sales and support team
•
Knauss Fellowship Team / NOAA / •
National Sea Grant Office
Hans Vogelsong, ECU
Lauriston King
John Rummel
Steve Sellers
Eric Diaddorio
Mike Baker
Mark Keusenkothen
Sara Miribilio
Cecilia Krahforst
Andrea del’Apa
Katie Kleber
Lyndell Bade
Dan Furinsky
Tim Wamer
Jim Saupe
Gene Oakley
Chris Bonnerup
Garry Wright
Chuck Bangley
Craig Harms,DVM (NCSU)
Dorcas O’Rourke, DVM (ECU IACUC)
Tom Savoy (CTDEP)
Dewayne Fox (DSU)
Bill Hoffman (Mass. DMF)
Paul Music (WHOI)
And the friends,
family, and
colleagues whose
names don’t fit!