Transcript Integrated Water Resource Management and its

Integrated Water Resource
Management and its implications
for the energy sector in Tajikistan
PPCR Workshop on Climate Resilience and the Energy Sector
6-7 March 2012, Dushanbe
Steering Committee
12 November 2007
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IWRM is a process which promotes the coordinated
development and management of water, land and
related resources, in order to maximize the resultant
economic and social welfare in an equitable manner
without compromising the sustainability of vital
ecosystems (Dublin 1992, GWP)
Ecological integrity
Sustainability
Social equity
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Economic growth
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IWRM guiding principles
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Consider all water uses jointly and balance the
effect on each other
Manage jointly water quality and quantity
Public Participation in all phases from planning
to implementation
Decision making on the lowest appropriate level
Women play an important role
Basins/hydrological boundaries as management
areas
Flexible/adaptable to the specific needs
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Agreement on IWRM for
Tajikistan (April 2011)
 Adoption
of IWRM guiding principles (all
sectors, joint quantity and quality
management, participation, decision
making at lowest adequate level)
 Basin approach, hydraulic boundaries
 Separation of functions between
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Policy making and regulatory
Operational
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Water and Energy
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Becoming more of a topic of interest due to:
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relatively large consumption of energy by the water
sector, e.g.
• In the UK 5% of all energy consumed (mainly for drinking water and
sewerage systems)
• In India 6% of the energy used is for pumping groundwater for
irrigation
• In Tajikistan this might well be even higher due to the large pumped
systems
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Increasing tendency to use irrigation for the growing
of bio fuel crops
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Energy in Tajikistan
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98% of the energy produced is through hydropower
mainly generated by large dams and turbines
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There is a large potential to increase the energy
production from hydropower due to:
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suitable geography and geology
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large annual amount of internal renewable water resources (> 60 km3 )
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Therefore in this presentation effects of large dams on
various sub-sectors are evaluated
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Given the uncertainty of the impact of climate change on
the hydropower generation potential, it is advisable to
re-evaluate reliance on hydropower only
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Overview of interactions
Energy
Irrigation
Inter-relations
between energy &
irrigation
Impact on
evaluated interrelation
Drier scenario
Ability to manage floods and
releases
Summer storage for winter
power generation
Over-use of energy for
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irrigation
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Wetter scenario
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Use of energy for irrigation:
Installed pumps for the irrigation of 30,000
Ha in Zafarabod
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Overview of interactions
Energy
Fishery
Inter-relations between
energy & fishery
Migration of fish affected
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Water quality is reduced
(salinity, eutrophication,
less aeration)
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Restocking
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Impact on
evaluated interrelation
Drier scenario
Wetter scenario
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+/-
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+/-
+/-
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Overview of interactions
Energy
Environment
Inter-relations between
energy & environment
Impact on
evaluated interrelation
Increased erosion potential
downstream
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Fringes of reservoirs subject to
waterlogging and salinity
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Increased discharge
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Drier scenario
Wetter
scenario
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+/-
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Overview of interactions
Energy
Tourism
Inter-relations
between energy &
tourism
Impact on
evaluated interrelation
Fishery
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Water quality
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Lake environments/physical
aesthetics
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Drier scenario
Wetter scenario
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+/-
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Overview of interactions
Energy
Industry
Inter-relations
between energy &
industry
Impact on
evaluated interrelation
Reservoirs accumulate
pollution
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Power availability/reliability
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Drier scenario
Wetter scenario
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+/-
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Main interactions and climate change impacts
Energy
Disaster Management
Inter-relations
between energy &
environment
Impact on
evaluated interrelation
Drier scenario
Wetter scenario
Slope stability
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Management of flow
releases
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+/-
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Main interactions and climate change impacts
Energy
Disaster Management
Inter-relations between
energy & water &
sanitation
Impact on
evaluated interrelation
Impediment of sanitation due to
waterlogging
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Standing water bodies affect
water quality and accumulate
pollutants
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Clusters of luxury
accommodation
might affect
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Drier scenario
Wetter scenario
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Conclusions
 There
are many interactions between
reservoirs and various water sub-sectors
 Some potential impact of climate change
was considered using two extreme
scenarios: drier and wetter
 Due to the large variety of interactions it is
not possible to identify which scenario
leads to more positive or negative impacts
and mitigation of one effect might lead to
worsening of another
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