Transcript Nitrogen

Activities of ICP M&M
2004 - 2006
and
Results of the 21st TF meeting
Till Spranger
TFIAM, 25 - 27 May 2005, Berlin
Till Spranger
The 2005 Task Force meeting...
•
•
back-to-back with CCE WS: 25 - 29 April 2005, Berlin
45 participants from 24 NFCs
+ (Secretariat), WGE, EMEP Centres and ICPs.
•
... had the following main subjects:
 cooperation with EMEP (land cover, base cation
deposition, HM deposition)
 call for data results (HM)
 Call for data results (N&S: critical loads and
dynamic modelling results)
 Nitrogen
TFIAM, 25 - 27 May 2005, Berlin
Till Spranger
Cooperation with EMEP
•
Much higher CL(N, S) exceedances than 1998 dataset
•
•
Harmonized Land Cover
•
•
•
•
Important for CL(acid); backup for NFC data
New data available (MSC-West UM)
To be further tested and amended
Historical S, N (and not BC) deposition
•
•
Will (hopefully) be available late summer 2005:
CORINE LC where available; SEI elsewhere; hierarchical links to
national LC databases by NFCs
Ecosystem classification: EUNIS
Base cation deposition
•
•
•
•
mostly due to land cover specific MSC-West Unified Model
Important for dynamic modelling
Heavy metal deposition
•
25 - 27 May 2005,report
Berlin with EMEP
Till Spranger
CriticalTFIAM,
load exceedance
MSC-East
Heavy Metals: Call for data results
See WGE document /10 Add.1; CCE / MSC-East Report
•
CLs for various effects on ecosystems and on human
health
•
17 NFCs submitted CL data (16 for Cd, Pb; 9 for Hg),
mostly for effects in or via terrestrial ecosystems
Further work on timescales of recovery / damage
TFIAM, 25 - 27 May 2005, Berlin
Till Spranger
Sulfur and Nitrogen: Call for data results
See WGE document 2005/10 and CCE Status Report
•
14 NFCs submitted revised CL data (overall data from 25
NFCs)
•
14 (13) NFCs submitted additional input data for dynamic
modelling and target loads
Rest of Europe filled in by background database
•
•
ensures that information on sensitive ecosystems is
representative on a European scale
• „CL and TL data robust for policy application“ (i.e. IAM)
-> can / should be used as basis for Gothenburg Protocol
revision and CAFE
TFIAM, 25 - 27 May 2005, Berlin
Till Spranger
Sulfur and Nitrogen: CL exceedances
See CCE Status Report
•
Exceedances have been reduced, but remain widespread
especially for eutrophication:
– Area exceeded for acidification in 1980 / 2010
•
in total Europe: 49% / 7%
•
in EU25:
49% / 13%
– Area exceeded for eutrophication in 1980 / 2010
•
in total Europe: 38% / 29%
•
In EU25:
81% / 66%
– Maxima mostly in areas dominated by NH3 emissions
TFIAM, 25 - 27 May 2005, Berlin
Till Spranger
Nitrogen
•
•
•
•
CLs of nutrient nitrogen remain strongly exceeded even
after GP implementation
Strong links to biological processes, climate change
Aim: (dynamic) modelling of biodiversity and other N
deposition related effects on a European scale in an
IAM framework
Further work necessary on, a.o.:
•
•
•
•
Choice of effects indicators (e.g. C/N,... ), dose/effect relations,
and critical limits
Assessment of interactions between air pollution and climate
change (e.g. long-term C and N sequestration, long-term N2O,
CH4 etc. emissions)
National approaches (NL, D, SE, DK, ...)
TFIAM,
25 - 27
May 2005,
Berlin JEG and
Till Spranger
Cooperation
with
other
ICPs,
external networks
But nitrogen is more than LRTAP:
The nitrogen cascade
TFIAM, 25 - 27 May 2005, Berlin
Till Spranger
and it´s getting worse:
Nr production in 1995 and 2050 Tg N/y
32
32
568
67
42
60
190
87
10
5
2
2050 production scaled to:
-> Population increase relative to 1995
-> N. American per capita Nr production
after Galloway and Cowling, 2002
TFIAM, 25 - 27 May 2005, Berlin
Till Spranger
5
An integrated approach to Nitrogen pollution
Water Directive
FCCC
Nitrate Directive
Aquatic NO3
Soil NO 3
N2O
Climate change
Manure
Effects on ecosystems
o.a. decrease in
biodiversity
NH3
N2
Fertilizer
industry
NH4NO3
HNO3
Effects on materials
and cultural heritage
NOx
Effects on human and
animal health
Combustion
Directives
on emission
control
AQ Directive
TFIAM, 25 - 27 May 2005, Berlin
Till Spranger
CO2, CH4,
SF6, HFK,
PFK, ..
SO2, (NH4)2SO4
CLRTAP
NEC Dir.
CBD ?
Nitrogen and M&M:
Links to external developments
• NitroEurope etc. (primary research)
• COST Action 729 (research synthesis,
source-receptor links)
• ESF Project (multiple N forms& impacts;
management)
• International Nitrogen Initiative
• CBD Indicators (SEBI 2010):
N Deposition
TFIAM, 25 - 27 May 2005, Berlin
Till Spranger
European Transboundary Nitrogen Activity
Ongoing Activities
ETNA Cluster
NitroEurope IP
National
research activities
ESF Project
European Nitrogen
Management
Projects
COST Action
Atmosphere-Biosphere
& multiple N strategies
CarboEurope IP
Other EU
research projects
CBD
EEA/ECNC
SEBI 2010
Primary Research
Research Synthesis
ENC and Analysis
Measurement & modelling
at multiple scales
Model harmonization
&source-receptor links
of links between multiple
N forms and impacts
Methods, datasets,
process understanding,
models, maps, trends
verification, uncertainty
Refined parameterization,
integrated assessment
and analysis of KyotoGothenburg synergies
Synthesis of synergies
& recommendations
for Integrated
Nitrogen Management
IGBP - iLEAPS
UNFCCC: IPCC and
Monitoring Mechanism
UNEP / SCOPE / IGBP
International
Nitrogen Initiative (INI)
EMEP/WMO
Task Force on
TFIAM, &25Modelling
- 27 May
Measurement
European Commission
National Parties
2005,and
Berlin
Input to underpin
Convention negotiations
Till FCCC,
Spranger
CLRTAP & others
Core Role
Main
Deliverables
International
Users
COST 729 Challenges
• Much knowledge on causal chain and interaction
with other cycles
• Development and extension of IAM necessary
• Source - receptor modelling, including atmosphere
biosphere interactions and climatic influences
• Non-linearities and coupling with other cycles
– Nr affects climate (N2O, aerosols)
– Climate change affects SRM through meteo and
chemistry
– Feedback mechanisms
TFIAM, 25 - 27 May 2005, Berlin
Till Spranger
Conclusions on Nitrogen
• CLRTAP effects-based emission abatement policy
has been successful for S but not as much for N;
it needs to be extended / linked to biodiversity and
climate change policies and targets
• Multi-media and multi-effect research and policy
development needed to
– reduce uncertainties
– link and optimize management and abatement
strategies
TFIAM, 25 - 27 May 2005, Berlin
Till Spranger
Summary: M&M Future
•
•
Classic tasks:
• Input to Multipollutant and HM Protocol review /
possible revision
• Input to EU CAFE process
New focus:
• Nitrogen deposition – biodiversity – climate change
• Aim: Modelling of biodiversity and other effects of
nitrogen in an IAM framework
• Instruments:
• dynamic modelling with feedbacks, using effects
indicators such as C/N, BS;
• help with extension of IAMs?
• Cooperation with CLRTAP internal and external
TFIAM, 25 - 27 May 2005, Berlin
Till Spranger
organisations
ICP M&M Website
www.icpmapping.org
TFIAM, 25 - 27 May 2005, Berlin
Till Spranger
TFIAM, 25 - 27 May 2005, Berlin
Till Spranger
NitroEurope Challenges
• What are the quantitative components of nitrogen
budgets for European ecosystems and how do
these respond to the drivers of global change?
• How much does nitrogen control carbon
exchange and net greenhouse gas budgets for
European terrestrial ecosystems?
• How could a European N emissions strategy
contribute to EU objectives in reducing greenhouse
gas emissions?
TFIAM, 25 - 27 May 2005, Berlin
Till Spranger
ESF Proposal:
Nitrogen in Europe:
Assessment of current problems and future solutions
• Assessment of alteration of (European) N cycle
• Scientific Network Programme (5 years):
– Provide overviews of literature, current studies, databases
and models relevant for the N cascade
– Grants for exchange visits
– Workshops
– Summer schools
– Conferences
– Databases, models
– Webpage, dissemination
TFIAM, 25 - 27 May 2005, Berlin
Till Spranger
(Other) uses of critical loads data
•
•
Review of the EU NEC Directive
CAFÉ / Thematic Strategy
•
CBA & LCA
•
•
•
•
Don´t use CLs in full CBA
Use in MCA is OK
Impact factors for LCA
Data rules
TFIAM, 25 - 27 May 2005, Berlin
Till Spranger
feeding into…
International Nitrogen Initiative
• Synthesis of international nitrogen science
activities for improved nitrogen management
Overall goal: “optimize nitrogen’s beneficial role in
sustainable food production and minimize
nitrogen’s negative effects on human health and
the environment resulting from food and energy
production”
• European Nitrogen Centre (ENC): Jan Willem Erisman
(ECN)
http://www.initrogen.org
TFIAM, 25 - 27 May 2005, Berlin
Till Spranger