Transcript 7.Siligato_WSMP_Presentation_E - biodiversity

MRC – GTZ
WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME
Integrated Watershed Management
as a Strategy for Sustainable Use of
Natural Resources and Biodiversity
Preservation
Presented by
Dr. Simonetta Siligato
Biodiversity & Climate Change – Links with Poverty and Sustainable Development
Melia Hotel, Hanoi - Vietnam, 22-23 May 2007
Introduction
The Mekong Basin
- water contributors
(mean annual flow):
 Upper Mekong (18 %)
China – 16 %
Myanmar – 2 %
 Lower Mekong (82 %)
Lao PDR – 35 %
Cambodia – 18 %
Thailand – 18 %
Viet Nam – 11 %
- formed the Mekong River
Commission (MRC) in 1995
WSMP – Hanoi, 22-23 May 2007
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Challenges for the Region
Population growth
 Population growth: 2 % per year  100 mio by 2025
Associated with rapid population growth are the increase in
urbanisation, economic development, pollution.
Poverty
Some of the riparian countries are among the poorest countries in
the world, in Thailand people living in the Lower Mekong Basin
have considerably lower income than the national average.
Water & food security
50-80 % of the population in Laos and Cambodia do not have
access to safe drinking water and proper sanitation.
WSMP – Hanoi, 22-23 May 2007
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Challenges for the Region
Climate Change
 most severe influence through temperature rise
More rapidly melting of Himalayan glaciers  increase of water
flow in dry season;
 changed rainfall patterns and severe other changes in hydrology
disrupted monsoon patterns  more rain but fewer rainy days,
more people affected by drought
rising sea levels  saline intrusion and freshwater loss in river
delta systems
Direct negative influence on freshwater ecosystems – loss of
aquatic species and biodiversity!
WSMP – Hanoi, 22-23 May 2007
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Challenges for the Region
 increase of negative impacts on the availability of water and
aquatic resources, and on natural resources in general
 growing pressure on natural resources  potential source of
conflict between people and countries
 need for keeping the balance!
Integrated watershed management may be a suitable
tool for keeping this balance and a
strategy for sustainable use of natural resources and
biodiversity preservation !
WSMP – Hanoi, 22-23 May 2007
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What is watershed management?
What is a river basin?
= all the land contributing
water to a river system, e.g.
Mekong Basin
What is a watershed?
= land contributing water to
a tributary of a river system;
a river basin consist of
several watersheds;
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Policies and arrangements, strategies
and planning systems, implementation
guidelines, monitoring procedures
top down
Policy implementation
bottom up
Negotiating process between all stakeholders
What is watershed management?
Participatory
processes
Formulation of
watershed functions,
management guidelines, monitoring
activities
MAINTAINANCE
OF WATERSHED
FUNCTIONS
Local needs & expectations
social security , economic prosperity
WSMP – Hanoi, 22-23 May 2007
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What is watershed management?
= co-ordinated multi-stakeholder management of land,
water and other resources within a region to maintain
watershed functions and assure water availability.
WSMP – Hanoi, 22-23 May 2007
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Watershed functions
 provision of services, especially water in required quantity and quality
Economic
sustain
livelihoods
Ecological
being habitat to
plants and animals,
ensuring biodiversity,
ecological cycles, etc.
providing water flow in
required quantity and
quality within the
watershed and further
downstream
WSMP – Hanoi, 22-23 May 2007
provide services
as timber, water
for hydropower
production,
irrigation, etc.
sustainable
development
support income
generation
support indigenous
culture
Social
provide recreational
opportunities
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WSM levels of concern
ADMINISTRATIVE
National
Province
LEVELS
District
Village
Government
Regional
River Basin
Private
Sector
NGO’s
Water
Resources
Forestry
Agriculture
User
Organizations
Government
National
River Basin
Private
Sector
Rural
Development
NGO’s
User
Organizations
Energy
Government
Private
Sector
Watershed
Interior
NGO’s
User
Organizations
Land
Management
Catchment
Planning
Government
Women
Affairs
Private
Sector
NGO’s
User
Organizations
Institutional / organisational consistency
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Rational of WSM
ADMINISTRATIVE
National
Province
LEVELS
District
Village
Government
Regional
River Basin
Private
Sector
NGO’s
User
Organizations
To facilitate necessary
Governmentprocesses to optimise:
National
River Basin
Private
Sector
NGO’s
 consistencies in different
sectors/disciplines
User
Organizations
Governmentlevels and
 on the different administrative
Sector hierarchy
 within the basin/catchment
Watershed
Private
NGO’s
User
Organizations
Government
Catchment
Private
Sector
NGO’s
User
Organizations
WSMP – Melia Hanoi, 22-23 May 2007
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Value added of WSM
 Sustainable development within the watershed
Ecological health, economic prosperity, social security
 External sustainable development
Ecological health, upstream – downstream relationship
 Involvement of all relevant stakeholders
Participatory process, local ownership, policy implementation
 Establishment of a process accepted by all people
involved
Well operating institutional / organisational framework
WSMP – Hanoi, 22-23 May 2007
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WSMP support to institutional development
Common understanding of
watershed management
Institutional requirements
in and for watersheds
Information management
• awareness creation
• information distribution
• in depth training
Policy analysis and advice
Capacity building
Institutional development
for sustainable watershed
management
WSMP – Melia Hanoi, 22-23 May 2007
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WSM & Climate Change?
WSM can substantially contribute to the preservation
of natural resources and biodiversity:
• watersheds and stream catchments, respectively, are treated as units
• WSM considers geographical units without denying the importance of
administrative entities
• the WSM approach respects biological and ecological processes and
complexity
• integration of different political and administrative units and sectors successful and sustainable management is enabled
WSMP – Melia Hanoi, 22-23 May 2007
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WSM & Climate Change?
• multiple uses of and interests in natural resources services
create multiple management challenges  climate change is
expected to add to naturally occurring fluctuations!
• continuous adaptation is required and possible due to
continuous negotiation processes  intensive
communication and negotiation is crucial
• increases the demand for institutional arrangements to define
and manage natural resources services needed by society
• adaptation to changing environmental conditions will have to
take place in a coordinated and long-term institutionalised
manner
WSMP – Melia Hanoi, 22-23 May 2007
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WSM & Climate Change?
Even though mitigation measures are immediately put into action,
climate change effects are inevitable  adaptation to changes is
required!
Existing pressures on streams and rivers should be removed or at least
minimized to improve resiliency, but:
• Which are the most practical strategies?
• Which is the appropriate governance level to do so?
Watershed management integrates a multitude of different
points of view with one common goal – the sustainable
management and preservation of natural resources functions
along with the preservation of biodiversity.
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Special thank to:
Dr. Cornelis von Tuyll, programme coordinator,
Mr. Christoph Feldkötter, technical advisor,
the project coordination team in Vientiane, LAO PDR
the country offices in:
Hanoi, Viet Nam
Vientiane, Lao PDR
Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Bangkok, Thailand
Thank you very much for
your attention!
MRC – GTZ
WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME
www.mrcmekong.org, www.mekonginfo.org