Transcript Landfill Directive

Implications of EU and National
Regulations and the Environment
Dr Jonathan Derham
Head of Climate, Research & Resource Use Programme
Environmental Protection Agency
Environmental Services
Training Group
LOCAL AUTHORITY
ENVIRONMENT
CONFERENCE
Hodson Bay Hotel,
Athlone, May 2015.
Why Regulate ?
To Prevent
or
To Correct
.. an actual or potential environmental harm
(including health protection)
Environmental Harm
Market Failure
 Failure of the Commons

-
Public Good V Private Good
Natural Monopolies
Free Riders
Moral hazard
Population
Economy
Education
Greed
Governance
Regulatory Drivers

EU Dominant Force in driving
Environmental Regulation






Common market
Health & Wellbeing (e.g. air quality - mortality)
Natural Resources
Environmental Quality & Biodiversity
Climate Change
National actions
EU Treaties
Article 191
(ex Article 174 TEC)
1. Union policy on the environment shall contribute to pursuit of the following
objectives:
— preserving, protecting and improving the quality of the environment,
— protecting human health,
— prudent and rational utilisation of natural resources,
— promoting measures at international level to deal with regional or
worldwide environmental problems, and in particular combating climate
change.
2. Union policy on the environment shall aim at a high level of protection taking into
account the diversity of situations in the various regions of the Union. It shall be based
on the precautionary principle and on the principles that preventive action should be
taken, that environmental damage should as a priority be rectified at source and that
the polluter should pay.
In this context, harmonisation measures answering environmental protection
requirements shall include, where appropriate, a safeguard clause allowing Member
States to take provisional measures, for non-economic environmental reasons, subject
to a procedure of inspection by the Union.
[See also Articles 192 and 193]
Initiators of Legislative Change
EU Env Action
Programme
Commission
Work
Programme
Political &
Social Agendas
OBJECTIVE
Env & Health
Assessment &
Protection
ECJ Case
Law
Crises
Consequential
(Daughter
Legislation)
EU Waste Policy Map / Timeline - KEY DEVELOPMENTS
Packaging Waste, Waste
Catalogue, Hazardous
Waste List
Waste
3rd Waste
Waste
Directive
Directive
Titanium
Statistics
Dioxide
(2nd) Waste
Batt &
Landfill
Directive
Directive
Accum WEEE
1995 Directive 2005
II
1975
1985
1st
1980
OILs
2000
1990
Sewage
Sludge Directive
= Strategies
TFS 2
TFS 1
IPPC
Hazardous Waste
Directive
2010
WEEE
RoHS
Incineration
Directive
Industrial
Emissions
Directive
PRODUCER RESPONSIBILITY
INATITIVES
(WEEE, ELV, Packaging, PCBs ...)
Structure of EU Waste Legislation
Packaging, PCBs,
RoHS, WEEE,
Sewage Sludge,
ELVs, etc
Waste Lists,
Waste Testing
(33/2003),
Statistics
FRAMEWORK
Directive
2008/98/EC
TFS,
Basel
Incineration,
Landfill
PREVENTION
LCA, Eco-design, Green
Procurement, IPP, …
Inter-relationships with other EU Law
POPs
Regulation
IED
Directive
Emissions
Trading
Directive
Water
Framework
Directive
EIA Directive
SEA
Directive
EU Statistical
Regulations
PRTR
Regulations
A Landfill
(Landfill Directive)
Air Quality
Directive
Nitrates
Directive
Liability
Directive
EWC Decision
Waste Acceptance
Criteria Decision
Minimum Inspection
Criteria Decision
SEVESO
Directive
Public Access to Env.
Information Directive Habitats & Birds
Directives
Groundwater
Directive
Aarhus
Regulation
ABP
Regulations
Waste Framework Directive & other waste regulation
DUMPING
AT SEA
CONTAMINATED
EXPLOSIVES
LAND
GENERAL
WASTE
(WFD)
ANIMAL
MINING WASTE
BY-PRODUCTS
RADIOACTIVE
WASTE
Evolution of the Regulation of
Environmental Risk
Resource
Protection
Exposure
Protection
Activity
Regulation
Product
Regulation
Substance
Regulation
Behavioural
Regulation
The place for Regulation in the
Environmental Behavioural Change hierarchy
 Balance of
- Regulation
Regulatory
Intervention
- Demonstration, &
- Education
- Awareness
Resistors
Compliers
Persuadables’
Followers
Early
Adopters
Regulatory Partners
GOVERNMENT
WASTE
SECTOR
BUSINESS
PUBLIC
Local
Authorities
(COMMERCIAL
&
INDUSTRIAL)
Agencies
NGOs
Regulatory Successes (Waste)

Operational Landfills


Segregated Collection


LA led through Permits
Producer Responsibility Initiatives




100+ in late 1990’s to <10 in 2014
WEEE
Packaging
Plastic bag
100% Compliance
with EU targets
(32:27:2:3)
Regulatory Success
80
2,500,000
70
2,000,000
60
1,500,000
50
t
40 €
1,000,000
30
20
500,000
10
0
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
0
Year
MSW Disposed to Landfill
Landfill Levy
Publication of EPA
National Action Plan
Nov-14
Jul-14
Mar-14
Nov-13
Jul-13
Mar-13
Nov-12
Jul-12
Mar-12
Nov-11
Jul-11
Mar-11
Nov-10
Jul-10
Mar-10
Nov-09
Jul-09
Mar-09
Nov-08
PCB Regulations
300,000
250,000
200,000
litres 150,000
100,000
50,000
0
Air Pollutants Regulation (LCP)
• IPPC Licensing
• Emission Limit
Values (Moneypoint)
• National Emissions
Reduction Plan
• Sulphur limits in
Fuel Regulations
• More Renewables
CO2 Emissions Regulation
Manufacturing Industries
10,000
9,000
8,000
7,000
6,000
Kilo tonnes
CO2
5,000
4,000
ETS
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
When we are not sure
Research
 RIA
 Incrementalism
 Consultation

Challenges
Complexity
 Industrial & SME Burden (‘Red Tape’)
 Resources to enforce
 Scalability
 Externalities
 Balance
 Ex-post analysis
 Integrated enforcement intelligence

END.
Thank You !
Dr Jonathan Derham
[email protected]