Transcript What is disaster risk reduction (DRR)?

Making Disaster Risk Reduction
Gender Sensitive
www.unisdr.org
www.unisdr.org
Workshop of GenCap Advisors
21 February, 2012
Ramada Encore Hotel,
La Praille, Geneva
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Overview
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What is disaster risk reduction (DRR)?
What is disaster management (DM)?
What is disaster risk management (DRM)?
What is the interface of climate change
adaptation, DRR and DM?
 What progress has been made and what are
the challenges?
 What can we to make DRR and DM gender
sensitive?
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Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (See print out)
Sustainable development context
Socio-cultural
The focus of disaster risk reduction
AWARENESS RAISING
for change in behavior
KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT
· Information
· Education & training
· Research
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Hazards
· Geological
· Hydrometeorological
· Biological
· Technological
· Environmental
Vulnerability /
capability analysis
RISK IDENTIFICATION &
IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Hazard analysis
& monitoring
HFA Priority 2
REDUCE UNDERLYING RISK FACTORS
· Environmental management
· Social and economic development practices (including
poverty alleviation, livelihoods, financial mechanisms, health,
agriculture, etc.)
· Physical and technical measures
- land-use/urban planning
- protection of critical facilities
· Networking and partnerships
DISASTER
IMPACT
EMERGENCY
MANAGEMENT
POLITICAL COMMITMENT
· International, regional, national, local levels
· Institutional framework (governance)
- policy development
- legislation and codes
- organizational development
· Community actions
HFA Priority 4
EARLY
WARNING
PREPAREDNESS
HFA Priority 1
Political
Ecosystems / Environmental
HFA Priority 3
RISK FACTORS
Vulnerability
· Social
· Economic
· Physical
· Environmental
HFA Priority 5
RECOVERY
Economic
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Climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction
76% of all disaster events are
climate-related, accounting for
45% of deaths and 79% of
economic losses
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We must reduce underlying risks
and vulnerability to extreme
climate events (floods, drought
and storms)
The existing methods and tools of
disaster risk reduction provide
powerful capacities for adaptation
to climate change.
Disaster risk reduction and climate
change adaptation are crosscutting development issues
(political, scientific, social,
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development, humanitarian).
Closer collaboration between DRR and CCA
will result in:
 Reduction of climate-related losses through
more widespread implementation of DRR
measures linked with adaptation
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 More efficient use of financial, human and
natural resources
 Increased effectiveness and sustainability of
both adaptation and DRR approaches
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Disaster risk management approach
1. Establish context
2. Identify risks
............... What can happen?
3. Analyse risks
............ What effects will they have?
4. Evaluate risks
............ Which are most important?
5. Accept risk
6. Treat risk
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........ What are we trying to do?
.............. Should we spend resources
on this?
.................. What can we do about this?
7. Monitor / review ............ Has it worked?
Is it still the best solution?
8. Communicate & consult . Has everyone been involved?
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Tsunami mortality in women and men, by age,
December 2004, Tamil Nadu, India
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Children, the
elderly and
women are
the most
vulnerable
Courtesy Professor Deborati Guha-Sapir, Université catholique de Louvain
Brussels - Belgium
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Gender-sensitive disaster risk reduction
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 Current effort is spent on
disaster response and
recovery rather than on risk
reduction
 Gender perspective is largely
excluded from disaster risk
reduction policies and
programmes
 Few governments consider
gender perspectives in their
national reports on DRR
 Both DRR and gender are
cross-cutting developmental
issues, which need to be
addressed through a holistic
approach and concerted
actions in political, technical,
social, developmental and
humanitarian processes.
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Progress and challenges in gender-sensitive DRR
Progress:
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 A clear paradigm shift from gender-sensitive
disaster management to gender-sensitive DRR
(more proactive)
 Growing interest in gender-sensitive DRR among
different stakeholders, especially NGOs & CBOs
Challenges:
 Lack of understanding
 Lack of capacity required
 Lack of financial resources
 Lack of accountability
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Making DRR or DM gender-sensitive
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We need to:
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Take stock of existing dynamics and challenges for
gender and DRR and DM
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Build partnerships with different stakeholders to
mainstream gender into DRR, DM in particular
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Harness existing tools and analysis to promote gender
in DRR and DM
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Build capacity in local organizations willing to
promote the integration of gender perspectives in DRR
and DM
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Advocate and raise awareness on the issues at
national and local levels
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Use a combined bottom-up and top-down approach.
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Empowerment of Women in DRR and DM
We need to:
 recognize women as a resource, not just as victims
 strengthen women's capacities to contribute
 engage women in development and DRR
processes
 provide women with opportunities to participate,
and raise their concerns
 ensure programme officers have the ability to meet
gender-based practical needs and strategic
concerns
 encourage women to take part in, and take charge
of, the DRR processes, including disaster
management.
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We also need to:
provide a
platform
for gender professionals and different groups of
stakeholders to share information, knowledge
and experience in gender mainstreaming in DRR
increase
women’s
voice
for more visibility of their role and contribution in
the DRR process at all levels
facilitate
dialogues
between gender expert groups and other
stakeholders, including national platforms,
NGOs, the Media, private sectors and donors
encourage
active roles
by national authorities and NGOs in developing
gender-sensitive and gender balanced DRR
policies and programmes
develop policy
guidelines
on gender and DRR, with user-friendly checklists
and training materials for mainstreaming gender
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into DRR and vice versa
Making disaster management gender-sensitive
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Develop a disaster contingency plan based on the results
of a gender-sensitive vulnerably analysis and risk
assessment to address different needs and concerns
between men and women during emergencies caused by
natural hazards.
Mainstream gender needs and concerns into disaster
preparedness planning and storage of relief goods,
especially in preparation of emergency relief goods to
ensure that women’s particular needs will be met during
disasters.
Include women’s participation in planning and distribution
of humanitarian assistance to address existing unequal
access to and benefit from relief assistance.
Secure increased women’s participation in disaster
recovery and reconstruction planning and programmes to
change the situation that women often do not have enough
voice in the disaster recovery process.
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Thank you
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