Transcript Presentation

ICT to monitoring the climate
Edva ALTEMAR
Summary
 • Climate change
 • Biogeography of haitian republic
 • The haitian climate change
 • Environment management
 • ICT to monitoring climate : What we use in Haiti
 • Recommendations
Climate change
 The phenomenon of climate change will have
important effects on Haitian socio-economic realities,
according to a study undertaken by the Economic
Commission for the Latin America and the Caribbean
(CEPAL) and the office of the Program of the United
Nations for Development in Haiti (UNDP) in
partnership with the Haitian Ministry of the
Environment.
 Climate changes Modifications of the climate
particularly affect agriculture, the environment and
the health condition of people living in Haiti
El Niño Phenomenon
 El Niño is a regional consequence of a disturbance
atmospheric circulation between the poles and equator.
 Its appearance moves the zones of precipitations towards
East in the Pacific Ocean and prevents the increase of
cool water along the coast of South America.
 Cause of cut of the source of nutrients for the sea fauna
and disturb seriously the fishing industry
Biogeography of Haitian republic
 HAITI is located in the Caribbean. It divides the island of Haiti with the
Dominican Republic.
 It is a mountainous country with nearly 75%.
 Haiti Superficy: 27.750 km ².
 In the North: Atlantic Ocean
 East : Dominican Republic.
 West and South: Caribbean Sea
 Climate: tropical. The vegetation in Haiti is made up mainly of
undergrowth, conifers, leafy trees and mangroves.
 Regarding occupation of space, agriculture occupies the greatest part.
Almost 43% of the grounds are devoted to this activity. Haitian
Population is around 10 085 214 habitants. With serious deficiencies
education and health.
The Haitian relief and climate
change
 Topography: very mountainous country. More of the ¾
of its surface consists of mountains. The North America
climatic systems influence the climate global of the
country.
 However, it is necessary to raise of the regional
variations due to topography and the direction of the
dominant winds. According to the Enviroment Ministry
(MDE, 1999), these factors are responsible for the falls of
rains according to 4 great groups:
The Haitian relief and climate
change
 From April to June: Hot air and wet is brought by
the trade winds coming from the North-East.
 Rainy season is due to convection currents on the
coastal plains and the Mountains in the South. It is
also caused by the mountains interior by
orographical effect.
 In summer, somewhat intensive rains especially on
the southernmost slope of the department of the
South and South-east are caused by the East winds.
The Haitian relief and climate change
 June to November: hurricane season caused by
downpours in all geographic departments.
 From October to December, Nordé (strong winds
coming from the North-East). Abundant rains in are
brought by the cold faces of North America.
The Haitian relief and climate change
 The climate is Tropical in plain (low altitudes) and
appears subtropical in mountain.
 Haiti has only two seasons: rainy season from April to
November and dry season from December to March.
 According to the Environment Ministry, annual
precipitations change between 400 mm (in low
altitude) and more than 2000 mm (in high-altitude).
(MDE, 1999)
The Haitian relief and climate change
 Joint studies undertaken by the Department of the
Environment (MDE), the Faculty of Agronomy and
Veterinary Medicine and the Office of the Mines and
Energy since 2002 and supported by the PNUE, show
that climate change projected for Haiti indicate an
temperature increase varying from 0.8°C to 1.0°C for
the year 2030; for the year 2060, this increase will vary
between 1.5°C with 1.7°C
Temperatures and Precipitation in Portau-Prince
Climate change in Haiti
 These studies also concluded that there is aridity of the
grounds through all the country since 2000, and that in the
beginning of second half of the 21st century, more than
half of the surface of Haiti will be in great danger of
turning into a desert because of the unfavourable climatic
conditions.
 The climate changes should reduce the water resources of
the country. It is provided that there will be for Haiti
during XXIe an increase in evaporation and surface waters
taking into account the environmental degradation which
affects the country. for the year 2030; for the year 2060, this
increase will vary 1.5°C with 1.7°C.
Climate change in Haiti
 Climate changes mortgage in Haiti is as important as
others human rights like the right for life, the right for
adequate food, the right to water, the right to health
and housing and affect certain special groups.
 The warming of the climate has implications on all
human rights devoted by some UN Conventions
(Convention of the Rights of the Children, Convention
of the Rights of the People Handicapped, Convention
on the Elimination of all Forms of discrimination
Racial etc).
Climate change in Haiti
 Phenomenon observed and/or projected by Climate
changes in Haiti are real threats for human lives. The
number of people deceased and suffering from
diseases and wounds caused by floods and cyclones
are unfortunately increasing year by year in the
country.
Environment management
 The most urgent environmental problems appear to
be: Deforestation of the natural forests, Pollution of
the littoral, Insalubrity [in urban environment] and
Erosion of biological diversity.
 Environment Management is making by MDE,
MARNDR, MPCE, MTPTC (Government Ministries)
My Sources
 First National Communications on Climate
Change, Environement Ministry, August 2001
 Population, Environment & Climate Change, UNFPA,
2011
 Climate change & Biodiversity, GROUPE D’EXPERTS
INTERGOUVERNEMENTAL SUR L’ÉVOLUTION DU
CLIMAT (GEIEC), April 2002
 REHABILITATION OF the ENVIRONMENT AND the
REDUCTION OF POVERTY IN HAITI, environment
Ministry, 2007
ICT monitoring for climate change
 M. Jean PLA from the UIT-D CE 2 present on
september 11, 2011 a paper : The ICT AND the
CLIMATE CHANGES
 MONITORING OF the CLIMATE CHANGES AND
TELEDETECTION ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCIES BY
SATELLITE
 Altimetry by satellite Passive teledetection Frequencies
used for Earth exploration by satellite
 http://groups.itu.int/Portals/47/climatechange/presen
tation/320154/320154F.pdf
ICT to monitoring climate change
 With this presentation he
shows the use of
SATELLITES JASON 1,2:
CNES, NASA, NOAA and
EUMETSAT to measure:
 Distance enters the satellite
and the sea
 Height of the waves
 Speed of the wind Precision
 And also Frequencies used for the active teledetection
by satellite (Radiometer ultra high frequencies to 1,4
GHz).
SMOS Satellite
 By using satellite communication and electromagnetic
spectrum for telededection we see that ICT is use in
monitoring climate
 Satellite SMOS: Altitude moyenne de 758 km et
inclinaison de 98,44°; orbite basse terrestre, polaire,
héliosynchrone, quasi circulaire, intervalle de survol
de 23 jours
SMOS Results : MOISTURE OF THE
GROUNDS.
 climate change affecting the weater (Temperature
more hot in april 2011 than April 2010)
ICT to monitoring climate : What we
use in Haiti
 Information and communications technology is a term
that stresses the role of unified communications and
the integration of telecommunications (telephone
lines and wireless signals), computers, middleware as
well as necessary software, storage- and audio-visual
systems, which enable users to create, access, store,
transmit, and manipulate information.
 ICT also a consists of IT as well as telecommunication,
broadcast media, all types of audio and video
processing and transmission and network based
control and monitoring functions.[
ICT to monitoring climate : What we
use in Haiti
 The Ministry of Environment in Haiti publishes FIRST
NATIONAL COMMUNICATION ON the Climate
changes
 All result from this document are analyse and report
by MAGICC/SCENGEN : Model for the Assessment of
Greenhouse-gas Induced Climate Change a Regional
SCENario GENerator
 This is an Computering Logiciel use in monotoring
climate and environment
ICT to monitoring climate : What we
use in Haiti
 There is a lot of typical logiciel using to monitoring
the climate:
 AKCP SP2 Bundle 4 - Climate Monitoring
 Climpag : Climate Impact on Agriculture
 GCOS: Global Climate Observing System: New Zealand
maintains a systematic program of atmospheric, oceanic
and terrestrial
 measurements of a suite of essential climate variable.
 ASCAS: Alpine Snow-Cover Analysis System
ICT to monitoring climate : What we
use in Haiti
 Since the earthquake on january 12, 2010, National
Laboratory keep contact with others laboratory in
order to get recently information by using Internet and
smartphone
 Civil Protection Management implement an
Emergency Alert System :
•To alert the population about emergency situations.
• Send alert messages to specific geographic areas.
• Generate messages centralized under the
responsibility clearly defined by Twitter on the Digicel
Network.
Recommendations
Use of ICT to monitor Climate Change help to reduce
CO2 so we recommand:
 Incitation for using ICT in education, health, business,
etc.
 Developing green product and software (Green in the
box)
 Use ITU Climate Change standardization in
innovation
 Continue promoting green all over the world