Transcript LDC NAPA Guidelines - global change SysTem for Analysis

Methods for Identifying Urgent
Adaptation Needs and Actions
under the LDC NAPA
Dr. Paul V. Desanker
Vice-Chair, UNFCCC LDC Expert Group
Miombo AIACC Project AF38
Outline
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Policy Intervention and Policy Development to
address Climate Change
What are NAPAs?
Adaptation Funding
Overview of Methods for NAPA
Results
Problems and Next Steps
UNFCCC Support for adaptation in
developing countries
Article 4.4: Developed countries shall assist the
developing countries in meeting costs of adaptation to
Climate Change. Relevant issues under negotiation
include:
 National Communications
 Capacity Building
 Technology Transfer
 Financial Mechanism through GEF
 Article 4.8 and 4.9
 Methodologies
UNFCCC support for LDC needs
Article 4.9: Parties shall take full account of
the specific needs and special situations of the
least developed countries in their actions with
regard to funding and transfer of technology.
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Marrakesh Accords, 2001
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Decision 5/CP.7: Support for adaptation in
developing countries. Establishment of an LDC
work programme.
Decision 27/CP.7: Guidance on LDC Fund.
Decision 28/CP.7: NAPA Guidelines.
Decision 29/CP.7: Establishment of the LDC
Expert Group (LEG).
Important timelines:
• First LEG meeting (Arusha) Feb 2002
• GEF operational guidelines on LDC Fund Mar 2002
• SBI 16 endorsement of LEG programme of work June 2002
• Second LEG meeting (Bonn) July 2002
• Review of NAPA guidelines at COP 8 (SB 17) Nov 2002
• Further guidance on LDC Fund at COP 8 Nov 2002
• Third LEG meeting (Samoa, last week)
• COP 9 to review progress, need for continuation, revised TORs
of LEG
• COP 9 to provide guidance on funding of NAPA activities
National Adaptation Programme of Action
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Objective: Serve as a simplified and direct channel of
communication for information relating to the urgent
and immediate adaptation needs of the LDCs
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Needs addressed through projects and activities that
may include capacity building and policy reform
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Confidence about need for action based on strong
results from IPCC that climate change is happening
IPCC TAR has
concluded that
available
observational
evidence indicates
that regional changes
in climate, particularly
increases in
temperature, have
already affected a
diverse set of physical
and biological systems
in many parts of the
world.
“There is emerging evidence that some social and economic
systems have been affected by the recent increasing frequency
of floods and droughts in some areas”, IPCC TAR.
Mozambique floods in 1999-2000 and 2000-2001 wet
seasons highlighted the need for urgent action, and the
need for a mechanism for communicating those needs
www.grida.no/climate
“Those with the Least Resources have the Least
Capacity to Adapt and are the Most Vulnerable”
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Ability of human systems to adapt to and cope with
climate change depends on such factors as wealth,
technology, education, information, skills, infrastructure,
access to resources, and management capabilities.
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There is potential for developed and developing
countries to enhance and/or acquire adaptive
capabilities.
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Populations and communities are highly variable in
their endowments with these attributes, and the
developing countries, particularly the least developed
countries (LDCs), are generally poorest in this regard.
Goals and Objectives
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The goal of NAPA is to lay out a plan of action about how
to build capacity to adapt to climate change and how to
enhance coping strategies to adverse impacts of climate
and climate change
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An important characteristic of NAPAs is the emphasis on
rural communities, and the use of traditional
knowledge about coping strategies, and the need for the
process to be bottoms-up so it can capture most
important vulnerabilities of stakeholders
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Critical for NAPAs to including major stakeholder groups,
and to be coupled to national development plans and
activities
What is the end product?
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Not simply another lengthy document to join the ranks of
important national action plans
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Not simply an opportunity to get ‘busy’ with yet another
enabling activity
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NAPA should be a bottoms-up action plan that has broad
acceptance and is action-oriented.
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While the process will be comprehensive to arrive at the
NAPA, the final product should be a concise and well
justified list of actions and projects to address priority
vulnerabilities for the country, or at least to build the
capacity to address those vulnerabilities
The NAPA
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The NAPA would thus be a concise document that
would communicate those urgent needs that a
country may have, and a ranked list of actions to
address these needs, including project briefs.
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NAPA is not an obligation – it is an opportunity for
those that have urgent needs
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NAPA is a bottoms-up approach, designed to build
enable communities of stakeholders in countries to
have an active role in enhancing their adaptive
capacity
How about the National Communication (NC) as a
mechanism for expressing adaptation needs in
LDCs?
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The NC is a top-down, obligation for parties to communicate
their emissions and plans for mitigation, and some statement
about mitigation and adaptation needs
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LDCs are not required to submit a NC within 3 yrs, although
at least 20 of them have submitted their first national
communication
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These NCs do not address urgent adaptation needs to the
level of detail that would be easily translated into an action.
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The long time required to produce a NC is not suited for
addressing and communication urgent and immediate needs
Participatory Rapid Integrated Vulnerability
and Adaptation Assessment (PRIVA)
in Support of NAPA
Resources:
- NAPA Primer
- Annotated Guidelines for NAPA Preparation
- PRIVA Tool on CD
Overall Approach
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The steps are divided into three levels of effort depending on
quality of available information
Level I: present assessments adequate to assist in
identifying NAPA adaptation activities using participatory
approach
Level II: hazards, risks and coping known, but assessments
of vulnerability and adaptation not available. Adequate to
conduct a one-pass participatory rapid assessment and
result in adaptation options
Level III: hazards, risks and coping unspecified, so some
assessment of these required before adaptation options can
be derived
Level I
Build Multidisciplinary
NAPA Teams
Level II
Level III
Define Goals and Criteria,
Review Policies & Identify
Synergies
Collate Available
Data & Information
Identify Hazards,
Risks and Coping
Synthesize Available
Vulnerability Assessments
Identify Climatic
Hazards
Information
Adequate?
Conduct Participatory
Assessment to Identify
Urgent Adaptation
Options
Conduct
Participatory Rapid
Integrated
Assessment of
Vulnerability
Select Highly
Vulnerable Sectors,
Systems& SubRegions
Characterize Risk
Characterize Coping
Ability
Select Priority
Adaptation Needs using
Participatory Approach
Identify Urgent
Adaptation Options
Characterize
Vulnerability
Rank Projects &
Activities
Develop Project Profiles, Show
Integration into National Policy
Frameworks & Projects & Submit NAPA
Figure 1. Main steps in a participatory process of developing National Adaptation Programmes of Action. Where adequate information exists to complete a
NAPA, the country would use the steps under Level I, otherwise hey would conduct synthesis or even data limited data analysis by including Levels II and III.
Build Multidisciplinary
NAPA Teams
Define Goals and Criteria,
Review Policies & Identify
Synergies
Synthesize Available
Vulnerability Assessments
Conduct Participatory
Assessment to Identify
Urgent Adaptation
Options
Select Priority
Adaptation Needs using
Participatory Approach
Rank Projects &
Activities
Develop Project Profiles, Show
Integration into National Policy
Frameworks & Projects & Submit NAPA
Level II
Build Multidisciplinary
NAPA Teams
Define Goals and Criteria,
Review Policies & Identify
Synergies
Identify Hazards,
Risks and Coping
Synthesize Available
Vulnerability Assessments
Conduct
Participatory Rapid
Integrated
Assessment of
Vulnerability
Select Priority
Adaptation Needs using
Participatory Approach
Rank Projects &
Activities
Develop Project Profiles, Show
Integration into National Policy
Frameworks & Projects & Submit NAPA
Select Highly
Vulnerable Sectors,
Systems& SubRegions
Identify Urgent
Adaptation Options
Level III
Build Multidisciplinary
NAPA Teams
Collate Available
Data & Information
Define Goals and Criteria,
Review Policies & Identify
Synergies
Identify Hazards,
Risks and Coping
Identify Climatic
Hazards
Synthesize Available
Vulnerability Assessments
Conduct
Participatory Rapid
Integrated
Assessment of
Vulnerability
Select Highly
Vulnerable Sectors,
Systems& SubRegions
Characterize Risk
Characterize Coping
Ability
Select Priority
Adaptation Needs using
Participatory Approach
Rank Projects &
Activities
Develop Project Profiles, Show
Integration into National Policy
Frameworks & Projects & Submit NAPA
Identify Urgent
Adaptation Options
Characterize
Vulnerability
Research Questions
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What are rapid assessment methods for identifying
urgent and immediate needs for adaptation? What
criteria to rank urgency and ensure equity amongst
most vulnerable groups in country?
How engage multiple stakeholders and communities in
selection of options and ranking of priorities?
What international policy interventions are needed to
address special needs of LDCs?
How should adaptation activities in LDCs be funded?
What are data and capacity needs in LDCs to
implement NAPAs?
Approach
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International policy development and
negotiation
Process for NAPA development at national
level that promotes mainstreaming of climate
change in development planning
UNFCCC LDC Expert Group to provide advice
to LDC parties
Major Problems & Solutions
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Uncommon understanding
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Non-Obligatory nature of NAPA: NAPA an opportunity
Relationship with National Communication
Home for NAPA: environment ministry versus broader
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Methods for Ranking Needs and Activities
Country-drivenness
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Intervention:
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Regional workshops by LEG to interact with parties