Transcript Slide 1

Global Climate Change Alliance:
Intra-ACP Programme
Training Module
Mainstreaming Climate Change
Module 4
Climate related evidence and assessment
Ms Isabelle Mamaty
Senior Expert
Climate Support Facility
An initiative of the ACP Group of States funded by the European Union
Climate related evidence
and assessment
 Learning objective:
o To understand how to raise awareness and to
proceed to screening and risk assessment
processes
 Expected outcomes:
o Increased knowledge on raising awareness tools
o Increased knowledge on screening tools
o Increased knowledge on risk assessment tools
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Main entry points in the
national and sector policy cycles
Recognise
climate risks
Allocate funding for
climate-specific
actions
Policy cycle stage
National level
Policy formulation
National long-term vision
National policies and strategies
Planning
Multi-year development plan
Resource allocation
National budget
Climate-related fund(s)
Programming &
implementation
Include climaterelated programmes/
projects (sectoral and
cross-sectoral)
Resources from fund(s)
Sector-level development plans
and budgets
Relocate funding to
vulnerable or priority
sectors/ regions
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Include
climate
Sector policies and strategies
considerations in
project
Sectoral plans
selection
Sector budget envelopes criteria
Sector level
Sector programming
Incorporate
climate-related
activities
Adapted from: Olhoff & Schaer (2010) Fig. 1, p. 10
Raising awareness and
building partnerships (1)
 Assessing available evidence:
o using the findings of relevant studies and
demonstration/pilot projects
 Engaging key actors:
o identifying and mobilising key organisations involved
in development at the national and sector levels
o identifying and mobilising ‘champions’
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Who might be
good champions?
Are there already
champions?
Raising awareness and
building partnerships (2)
 Developing and implementing a communication
and advocacy strategy in support of mainstreaming:
o Define the target audience to be informed or
influenced
o Develop policy-relevant messages and materials
based on evidence collected (e.g. policy briefs, radio
programmes)
o Select and use appropriate communication channels
for the various target groups (e.g. media, sector
working groups)
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Tools supporting awareness
raising and partnership building
Assessing evidence
Engaging key actors
Vulnerability and
adaptation
assessments
Macro and meso
economic analysis
... are also useful
for influencing
policies and
informing
planning
processes
Awareness
raising &
partnership
building
Communication &
advocacy strategy
National consensus
on and commitment
to climate-resilient
and low-emission
development
Demonstration or pilot
projects
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Adapted from: UNDP-UNEP (2011)
EuropeAid’s climate change
sector scripts
•Agriculture and rural development
•Ecosystems and biodiversity
management
•Education
•Energy supply
•Health
•Infrastructure
•Solid waste management
•Trade and investment
•Water supply and sanitation
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Vulnerability and adaptation
assessment objectives
 The objective of the vulnerability and adaptation
assessment is to identify, describe and assess:
o The main vulnerabilities associated with current and
future climate and climate variability.
o Existing coping strategies and adaptation responses
to these risks.
o Current and future adaptation needs.
o Options and measures to enhance current and future
resilience and adaptive capacity.
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Source: Downing & Patwardhan (2004)
Vulnerability and adaptation
assessment
 A vulnerability and adaptation assessment
would typically focus on 3 units of analysis:
o Places: land, water, ecosystems, ‘natural capital’ and
‘built infrastructure’
o People: individuals, communities, ‘human capital’,
livelihoods
o Institutions: sectors, organisations, how they relate to
each other, ‘social capital’
 It should assess both current & future
vulnerability to determine possible adaptation
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Source: Downing & Patwardhan (2004)
measures
Steps in community vulnerability
& adaptation assessment
Source: IPCC (2007c)
WG II - Fig. 16.3
4th Assessment Report,
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Mapping vulnerability
Exhibit 3 – Highly granular geographic information has been used to
segment assets according to their elevation above sea level
Elevation map of central Apia
Elevation
0m
Approach
• Starting point was a
digital map of
Samoa with contour
lines (2m lines in
coastal areas)
• In a second step, a
more granular
segmentation of
coastal areas was
obtained by using
state-of-the-art GIS
software
• Finally, geocoordinates of
buildings and roads,
were used to
determine the asset
exposure to coastal
flooding risk
SOURCE: Team analysis
1m
2m
>4 m
Building
Road
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Source: Economics
of Climate
Adaptation (2009)
Test case on Samoa
– Focus on risks
caused by sea level
rise, Fig. 03, p. 122
Macro- and meso-economic
analysis
 Economic analysis may be a powerful tool for
motivating policy makers to take action
o Macro level: analysis of the impact climate change may
have on the national economy
o Meso level: analysis at the level of key sectors or subsectors of the national economy
 The costs of inaction (climate-related losses) are
compared with the net benefits of taking action (avoided
losses minus costs)
 The analysis should also consider the distribution of
losses and benefits (among social groups, regions...)
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Demonstration projects
Test what works
and does not
work (relevance,
effectiveness)
Support lesson
drawing for
adaptive
management
Mobilise
communities,
local/regional
authorities & other
stakeholders
Demonstration/
pilot projects
Help foster
interest and
commitment of
national
authorities &
other
stakeholders
Create motivation
and knowledge for
replication/ scalingup
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Source: UNDP-UNEP (2011)
Climate risk screening :
Hazard and risk
Probability of
occurrence
Hazard
Risk
Severity of
consequences
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Climate risk screening
objectives
 Identifies potential risks for a programme or
project by assessing, in its specific context:
Exposure to the effects
of CC
Maladaptation risk
Sensitivity to such
effects
OPTIONAL:
Impacts on climate
(GHG emissions/
emission removals)
Response & adaptation
capacity
 A standard screening questionnaire can be
developed to support this exercise
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Climate risk screening:
key factors to consider
 Location
 Sector
 Relationship of the planned intervention to
livelihoods
 Socio-economic conditions (current – projected)
 Adaptive capacity of various stakeholder groups
o Including current coping mechanisms / autonomous
adaptation measures
 Lifetime of the considered investments/activities
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Outcomes of climate risk
screening
Vulnerability to
the effects of CC
None or low
No specific action, or limited
measures
Medium
Further investigation, adaptation
measures
High
Risk of
maladaptation
GHG emissions
or emission
removals
Further investigation, redesign for
reduced vulnerability/enhanced
adaptive capacity, or even
abandonment
No
No specific action
Yes
Further investigation, redesign for
reduced maladaptation risk, or even
abandonment
Insignificant
No specific action, or limited
measures
Significant
(*)
Further investigation and
enhancement of mitigation potential
(*) In proportion to the size/scope of the intervention
Climate risk assessment
objectives
 Climate risk assessment (CRA) is a dedicated
study aimed at:
o assessing in further detail the risks identified during
climate risk screening
o identifying possible risk prevention, risk mitigation
and other adaptation measures
o assessing these options
o formulating concrete recommendations with regard
to the design of the programme or project
The assessment of future climate risks should be anchored to
an assessment of current risks
Strategic environmental
assessment (SEA)
 A study:
o aimed at analysing the environmental
consequences of proposed
policies/plans/programmes, as well as the main
environmental opportunities, risks and
constraints to be taken into account
o for the purpose of promoting more sustainable
development
Ensures that environmental considerations are taken into
account EARLY in the policy & planning process
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Role of SEA in supporting
climate change mainstreaming
 With adequate ToR, SEA can:
o identify elements of the considered policy or programme
that are sensitive to or at risk from climate change
o identify elements that may result in increased vulnerability
to the effects of climate change
o assess direct and indirect GHG emissions
o identify options for risk management, adaptation and
mitigation
o and make recommendations on alternatives, on
institutional aspects, capacity building, etc.
For a model of ToR, see handout or EC Guidelines on the Integration of
Environment & Climate Change (2009), Annex 5
Is the assessment linked to:
A specific policy, strategy,
programme or project?
No
Vulnerability and
adaptation assessment
Yes
(†)
Strategic environmental
assessment (*)
Yes
(†)
Climate risk assessment
Yes
(†)
Environmental impact
assessment (*)
Yes
A specific policy or
strategy?
No
A specific programme?
No
A specific project?
(†) Climate risk screening can be applied before21
undertaking a more detailed assessment
(*) With ToRs adapted to include
climate-related considerations
Turning words into action
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Discussion
 Question and answers
 Climate related evidence and assessment
What are the opportunities to develop
a climate change related evidence and
assessment in your sector or at your
level and what are the institutional and
capacity needs in your organisation to
do so?
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Presentation of case
studies
 Presentation of vulnerability and risk
assessments case studies
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Learning process exercise:
Working group
 Exercise: Assess impacts, vulnerability and
define need for action for a given national or
sector programme and/or identify climate
risks and adaptation opportunities of a given
programme/project
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Recap – Key messages
 Mainstreaming climate change at strategic
planning levels supports more integrated, effective,
efficient and sustainable responses
o But top-down and bottom-up approaches to adaptation are
complementary and mainstreaming is also justified at local level
 Multiple tools are available to support climate change
mainstreaming in policies, strategies, programmes and
projects
 Both ad hoc studies and assessments, and integration of
climate-related considerations in feasibility / formulation
studies, support this mainstreaming process
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Key references
 EC (2009a) EC Cooperation: Responding to Climate
Change – ‘Sector scripts’ series. European Commission, Brussels
 EC (2009b) Guidelines on the Integration of
Environment and Climate Change in Development Cooperation. European
Commission, Brussels
 UNDP-UNEP (2011) Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate Change into
Development Planning: A Guide for Practitioners. UNDP-UNEP PovertyEnvironment Initiative
 UNEP (2005) Communicating Sustainability: How to
produce effective public campaigns. United Nations Environment
Programme, Nairobi
 Adaptation Learning Mechanism knowledge-sharing
platform: http://www.adaptationlearning.net/
 World Bank – Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change web pages:
http://climatechange.worldbank.org/content/economics-adaptation-climatechange-study-homepage
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• Thank you
• Contact: Dr. Pendo MARO, ACP Secretariat
[email protected] or +32 495 281 494
www.gcca.eu/intra-acp
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