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ICTs, Climate Change and Development: Overview Concepts Angelica Valeria Ospina & Richard Heeks Centre for Development Informatics University of Manchester, UK Climate Change, Innovation & ICTs Project: http://www.niccd.org Centre for Development Informatics Why Use Frameworks? • Understanding • Communication • Knowledge-Building: Centre for Development Informatics BoP Shocks and Vulnerabilities Shocks Vulnerabilities Disaster Poverty Water Shortage Food Insecurity Centre for Development Informatics Illness Personal Insecurity Environmental Degradation http://caglecartoons.com ICTs, Climate Change & Development: Overview Model Mitigation Strategy Adaptation (Causes) Physical Consumption -Dematerialisation of Goods/Services Journey Substitution Physical Production -Shift to Knowledge Economy (Effects) e-Enabled: -Carbon Markets -Decision-Making -Policy Networks -Awareness/CapacityBuilding -Technology Transfer Energy Use Manufacture & Use: -ICTs (Green vs. Brown IT) -Smart Motors/Logistics -Smart Building Design -Smart Transport -Socio-Polítical -Livelihoods & Finance -Health -Habitat -Food (Agriculture) -Water Energy Generation & Distribution -Smart Power/Grid Application Areas / CC Related Vulnerabilities ICTs Adaptation Role Monitoring -CC Data Capture -CC Data Processing -CC Data Presentation and Dissemination -Measuring -Informing & Networking -Deciding: •Predicting (Risk, Early Warning) •Planning (inc. Local Mitigation) •Coping (Short-Term/ Disaster) •Adapting (Long-Term) -Transacting -Producing -Mobility ICTs, Climate Change and Development: Value Chain Exogenous Factors ICT Precursors -Data systems -Legal -Institutional -Human -Technological -Leadership -Drivers/ Demand Strategy ICT Inputs -Money -Labour -Technology -Values and Motivations -Political support -Targets Implementation READINESS Centre for Development Informatics ICT Intermediates / Deliverables -Locations (e.g. telecentres) -ICTs (e.g. PC, mobile) -Software applications AVAILABILITY Adoption Use Sustainability Scalability UPTAKE Outputs -New Communication Patterns -New Information & Decisions -New Actions & Transactions Outcomes -Financial & other quantitative benefits -Qualitative benefits -Disbenefits IMPACT Climate Change Impacts -Mitigation -Adaptation -Monitoring -Strategy What do we mean by Resilience? ...TRANSFORM WITHSTAND ADAPT RECOVER Ospina & Heeks (2011) e-Resilience Assets, Institutions & Structures + ICTs Micro Meso Macro e-Resilient Vulnerable System System & Flexibility …to diversify Robustness …to strengthen physical preparedness & institutions …to speed up access to information & mobilization of resources Diversity Scale Rapidity Selforganisation Learning …to receive weather alerts & prepare, mobilize coordinate with neighbors …to document & disseminate experiences & traditional knowledge Redundancy Equality …to implement participatory processes, empowerment livelihoods, consult seed varieties, find out prices …to access information on loans, credit programs at meso & macro levels …to receive remittances, access broader networks and expertise Ospina & Heeks (2011) How do we apply the principles of these models? A practical example: ‘CC Adaptation, ICTs and Water’ Centre for Development Informatics CC Adaptation, ICTs and Water Model VULNERABILITY CONTEXT WATER VULNERABILITY DIMENSIONS ADAPTATION e-Resilience -Livelihoods & Finance ACUTE SHOCKS CHRONIC TRENDS -Socio-political Conditions Adaptive -Health Capacity -Human Habitats & Migrations Adaptive DEVELOPMENT OUTCOMES Actions -Food Security -Water Supply -Water Demand -Water Availability -Water Management -Water Governance -Biodiversity & Ecosystem Services CLIMATE CHANGE Value Chain Use ICT Precursors ICT Inputs Enablers ICT Intermediates / Deliverables Strategy-Money -Data systems Implementation-Locations (e.g. -Legal -Labour -Institutional -Technology telecentres) -Human -Values and -ICTs (e.g. PC, -Technological Motivations mobile) -Leadership -Political support Constraints -Software -Drivers/Demand -Targets applications READINESS AVAILABILITY Adoption Sustainability Scalability UPTAKE IMPACT Ospina & Heeks (2012) WORKING GROUPS Centre for Development Informatics Reflecting on ICCD Frameworks For Each Framework: - One thing that is good about the framework - One way in which you might use the framework in your work - One thing you would suggest changing about the framework Centre for Development Informatics Useful Links • NICCD Project Website: www.niccd.org • Online Network on ICTs, Climate Change & Development: http://groups.google.co.uk/group/niccd • Blog: http://niccd.wordpress.com/ • Sponsor: www.idrc.ca Centre for Development Informatics