Transcript Slide 1
Global Changes and Challenges and their Implications for Development Policy Simon Maxwell 23 September 2013 An argument in four steps 1. The glass is half full not half empty 2. As a result, the pendulum is swinging from the national to the global 3. And international development faces new challenges: a. What to do about MICs? b. Global collective action and the challenge of multilateralism c. The competences of development agencies and their place in Government d. Making the case and securing pubic support 4. Post-2015: leading global change The glass is half full, not half empty Time to be optimistic? Under – 5 mortality The pendulum is swinging from the national to the global The drivers of development Well-being Income Health Education Inclusion Participation Favourable national policy environment Favourable international policy environment Public expenditure A B C E F G H I J K L M Regulatory environment GPGs or ‘things we need to fix’ The left-hand side: a national perspective • Focused on aid for poverty reduction and MDGs • Driven by the search for results (often 1.0 not 2.0) • Highlighting openness and transparency • Favouring vertical initiatives (e.g. GAVI) • Prioritising growth (incl agriculture, energy) • Seeking new ways of working with the private sector • Paying more attention to resilience • Rediscovering governance and conditionality • Preferring bilateral over multilateral • Working closely with Gates and other philanthropists • Bringing all this together under the umbrella of aid effectiveness (most recently at Busan) The right-hand side: things we need to fix globally Financial stability Climate change Health pandemics Natural resource nexus Knowledge Inclusive globalisation Migration Trade rules Food security Conflict Energy security Fisheries Global Public Goods An example: climate change http://www.wbgu.de/fileadmin/templates/dateien/veroeffentlichungen/hauptgutachten/jg2011/wbgu_jg2011_en.pdf The impact of climate change on coffe in Uganda The new challenges of international development Development cooperation in the future Less • Poverty • Poor countries More • Global public goods • Poor and middle income countries • Aid • Aid departments • Policy • International development departments • Single ministries • Bilateral • Whole of Government • Multilateral • Government-to-Government • PPPs and civil society partnerships • Aid effectiveness • Entitlement and Partnership What to do about MICs? LICs and MICs LIC LMIC UMIC HIC World 2003 61 56 37 54 208 2011 40 56 48 69 213 Source: Glennie, J, 2011, ‘The Role of Aid to MICs’, ODI WP 331, June Global Collective Action and the Challenge of Multilateralism Delivering global solutions: 1.Keep the core group small 2.Build trust 3.Use the same group for multiple decisions 4.Use social pressure to deliver network closure 5.Choose the right issues 6.Deploy positive incentives 7.Deploy negative incentives 8.Build the institutions for repeated interaction Sweden: Participation in international organisations The competences of development agencies and their place in Government Development Cooperation is being re-engineered The competences of development agencies? (a) Spring (b) Spigot (c) Spoon (d) Spanner Making the case and securing public support Post 2015: Leading Change •Universal •Linking development and environment www.simonmaxwell.eu @simonmaxwell001