Transcript File - Brennan Middle School Music

ANCIENT MUSIC
A FEW PREHISTORIC POINTS…
• Early music is thought to mimic naturally occurring
sounds and rhythms.
• Development of “motherese”… a type of
communication between mothers and infants.
• These gestures and sounds are similar across many cultures.
• Human voice is the “first” instrument.
• Singing, humming, clicking, whistling, yawning
• “Rhythm” instruments came next…
• Clapping hands, hitting stones together, etc.
• “Wind” instruments are invented once stone tools
start being used amongst humans.
DIVJE BABE FLUTE … GERMANY
LIKELY A LEG BONE FROM A BEAR
ANCIENT CHINESE GUDI (BONE FLUTES)
MADE FROM THE BONES OF A RED-CROWNED CRANE
MOVING RIGHT ALONG…
• Artifacts found in an Ancient Greek burial site
depict a double-flute and a lyre.
• Possibly religious symbols to ward off evil spirits or depicted
figures from Greek mythology.
THE LYRES OF UR
• Considered to be the oldest surviving stringed
instruments.
• Discovered in the Royal Cemetery of Ur, located in
modern-day Iraq.
• Three separate instruments.
THE GOLDEN BULL’S LYRE
D A M A G E D D U R I N G 2 ND I R A Q W A R
BOAT-SHAPED LYRE
BELONGS TO UNIV. OF PENNSYLVANIA
QUEEN’S LYRE
BELONGS TO THE BRITISH MUSEUM
INSTRUMENTS OF ANCIENT GREECE
• LYRE
• Strummed or plucked string instrument.
• 7 strings tuned to the notes of the scale.
• Used to accompany others or oneself in song.
• KITHARA
• Strummed instrument
• Different from lyre… it has a sounding-box to help
resonance.
• Fully-adjustable strings could tune to any note or scale.
• AULOS
• Double pipes, not joined
• Low, clarinet-like sound
Aulos & Lyre
INSTRUMENTS OF ANCIENT GREECE
• PAN PIPES (Syrinx)
• A series of pipes gradually increasing in length.
• Formed by cutting reeds to the correct pitch.
• Played by blowing across the top of the pipes.
• HYDRAULIS
• Grandfather of the modern pipe organ.
• Used water to provide air pressure in a wind-chest.
• (Video)
• CONCH & SALPINX
• First “brass” instruments.
Ensemble Video
KITHARA
AULOS
AULOS
PAN PIPES
HYDRAULIS & SALPINX
CONCH SHELL
KING TUT’S TRUMPETS
BRONZE & SILVER
DETAIL OF KING TUT’S TRUMPETS
RECORDING KING TUT’S TRUMPETS
JAMES TAPPERN … APRIL 16, 1939 … CAIRO MUSEUM
“EARLY” MUSIC
• Medieval Era … 500-1400 CE
• Similar instruments from “ancient” period – but with
improvements.
• System of notation is developed around 1000 CE
• Guido D’Arezzo & “Guidonian Hand”
• Religious music takes center stage.
• Era of Gregorian Chant and Madrigals
Hildegard von Bingen Chant
LUTES, LUTES & MORE LUTES!
WITH BETTER TECHNOLOGY CAME DIFFERENT STYLES…
ZITHER
(MODERN REPLICA)
MECHANICAL VIOLIN
OR… “HURDY GURDY”
INSIDE A “HURDY GURDY”
GUIDO D’AREZZO
FATHER OF MODERN NOTATION
WHERE “DO-RE-MI” CAME FROM…
NO… “THE SOUND OF MUSIC” DIDN’T CREATE IT.
GUIDONIAN HAND
A LITTLE BETTER VERSION…
GOLIARDS
• Goliards are roaming poet-musician priests.
• Roamed the countryside singing and dancing.
• Often poked fun at church traditions…
• "Priests and clerks dance in the choir dressed as women.
They eat black pudding at the altar itself, while the
celebrant is saying Mass. They play dice on the altar. They
incense with stinking smoke from the soles of old shoes. They
run and leap throughout the church, without shame. Finally
they drive about the town in shabby carriages and carts,
and rouse the laughter of their fellows and the bystanders in
infamous performances, with indecent gestures and with
scurrilous and unchaste words."
TROUBADOURS
• Tradition began in the south of France and spread
to Italy, Spain and Germany.
• Traveling poet-musicians sang about chivalry &
love.
• More than 450 known troubadours worked from
1170-1213 CE
• Gave rise to the royal position of Minstrel who was
ordered to provide all kinds of entertainment for the
palace.
• Not just men… there were women troubadours
called “trobairitz.”
The Frog Galliard
Troubadour Love Song (Spanish)
ORNATE DECORATION ON A TROUBADOUR SONG
A TROUPE OF TROUBADOURS
MINSTRELSY
MINSTREL PERFORMING AT A ROYAL DINNER
MINSTREL “DOCU-COMEDY”
THE RENAISSANCE
1400 - 1600
MOVING RIGHT ALONG…
• Music heavily influenced by the times…
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Focus on “humanistic” thought
Recovery of Greek & Latin literature
Trading & Commerce
Growth of “middle class”
Faster technological changes
Changes in the church
• Printing makes distribution of music easier.
• Rise of the “virtuoso” musician.
Music becomes a way to express personal
ideas, beliefs, etc.
RENAISSANCE NOTATION
GETTING CLOSER TO WHAT WE SEE TODAY…
RENAISSANCE RECORDERS
WHAT KIND OF MUSIC?
• Religious-based
• Mass (literally singing EVERY word of the R-C mass)
• Cantata/Oratorio (based on Bible stories, etc.)
• Laude (praise song)
• Secular (or Not-Religious)
• Madrigals (poems set to music)
• Frottola/Chanson/Lied/Villancio
• Instrumental
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Prelude
Tocatta
Pavane
Allemande
SOME LIGHT LISTENING…
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O Magnum Mysterium (Motet)
Ave Verum Corpus (Motet)
Chanson
Matona Mia Cara (Madrigal)