Transcript A couple more notes

DIRECT ADDRESS
Direct addresses – when you use the directly name of the
person to whom you’re talking
Jim, did you see that movie?
Mr. H, I think I like your tie.
Yes, Jack, I will marry you.
I think, Mr. H, that I like your tie.
Please be quiet, jerk.
I think I like your tie, Mr. H.
INTRO WORDS, PHRASES,
CLAUSES
INTRO WORDS that don’t fit with the rest of the sentence; some of
these include adverbial conjunctions, mild interjections, and
sequence words.
Oh no, I forgot to wear underwear! Coincidentally, I did yesterday
as well.
First, take a left at the Wawa; however, be careful
because
there are two Wawa stores nearby.
Yes, I would love to go on a date to McDonald’s with you.
INTRO WORDS, PHRASES,
CLAUSES
INTRO PHRASES that are longer, technically breaking sentence
structure.
A moldy jar of mayo sat in the back of the refrigerator.
In the back of the refrigerator, a moldy jar of mayo sat.
INTRO DC’s to separate them from the IC as you break sentence
structure
Your teeth may rot if you eat a lot of candy and never floss
or
brush your teeth.
If you eat a lot of candy and never floss or brush your teeth, your
teeth may rot.
Essential Phrases and Clauses
• An essential clause or phrase is used to
modify a noun.
• It also adds information that is critical to the
meaning of the sentence.
• It does not break or interrupt the sentence
because it’s part of the main IC.
• Essential clauses are not set off by commas.
Nonessential Phrases & Clauses
• A nonessential phrase or clause adds “extra”
information to a sentence.
• This information can be eliminated from the
sentence without jeopardizing the meaning of
the sentence.
• Because it’s extra, it often breaks or interrupts
the sentence structure of the main IC.
• Always place commas around nonessential
phrases and clauses.
ESSENTIAL VS. NONESSENTIAL
S
essential phrase V
The people who work in my office are loud.
S
non-essential
V
My brother who lives across town plans to
throw a party.
A couple more notes
***These are often referred to as non-essential because they do not hold the
meaning that the sentence is trying to convey and may not quite fit with the rest
of the sentence and/or break sentence structure
INTRO PHRASES/CLAUSES
Soothed by the music, she fell asleep. (participial phrase)
Packing hurriedly, Tommy forgot his toothbrush (participial phrase)
INTERRUPTING PHRASES/CLAUSES
Lamont, the kid who drives the pink car, walked to school. (appositive)
Five times five, I believe, is twenty-five. (parenthetical/interjectory)
Sam thought, though he was nervous, they’d win. (dependent clause)
Andrea, leaping high in the air, caught the softball (participial phrase)
ENDING PHRASES/CLAUSES
I love cookies, the kind with both raisins and nuts. (appositive)
I want it now, by the way. (parenthetical/interjectory)
He looked exhausted, throwing 100 pitches (participial phrase)
A couple more notes
• The word “that” is almost always an indicator of an
essential phrase or clause.
S
essential
V
The pizza that I had at Joe’s was great.
• Be careful with “the stuff at end”, as most phrases and clauses
that end sentences use transitional words that DO NOT break
sentence structure thus DO NOT require commas.
Ex.
I gave Joey a piece of gum because he ate onions for lunch,
making his breath rancid.