Transcript Medieval and Renaissance Musicx

Medieval and Renaissance
Music
MOTET
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LATIN WORDS
A CAPPELLA (unaccompanied music)
HARMONY
MODAL (not major or minor but based on one of
the seven modes)
IRREGULAR METRES (follows the rhythm of
the words)
MELISMA (several notes to one syllable)
POLYPHONIC (several parts sung at the same
time)
Sacred hymn
Medieval Period
Up to 1450
• The earliest music we know. Much of the
music was not written down.
• Monophonic texture.
• Use of modes (dorian, lydian, etc).
• Pattern of the Latin words used as the
rhythm.
Medieval Music
• During the Medieval period most music was not
written down. Composers who did write their
music down usually worked for the Catholic
Church. The Church could afford to buy the
materials the composers would need to write
music. People outside the Church were too poor
to buy what was needed to compose music.
• Music notation appeared around the year 900, but
it only showed the pitch. It didn't tell you anything
about the rhythm. A few hundred years would
pass before the notes showed the rhythm.
Pope Gregory I
• As music became more complicated,
someone needed to make up some rules for
writing down music. That person was Pope
Gregory I.
• Pope Gregory l declared that music be
standardized. That means that musicians
and composers had to use the same rules
when writing and performing their
music. This music can still be heard
today. It is called Gregorian chant.
Plainchant
Also known as Plainsong and Gregorian chant.
Unaccompanied melody set to words of the
Roman Catholic liturgy, such as the Mass.
Plainchants are modal and have no regular
metre. They follow the rhythm of the Latin
words.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iN7lT7ojVl0
The Renaissance Period
1400-1600
The Renaissance Period
1450-1600
• Renaissance means rebirth. This period saw a
rebirth in knowledge. Science and the arts were
becoming more important.
• Christopher Columbus discovered America,
Michelangelo was painting the Sistine Chapel,
William Shakespeare was writing plays and
Leonardo da Vinci was making great
advancements in art, music and science.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cy2Dg-ncWoY
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZmiEJzpiYM
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jm_7hEU
HMpc&feature=related
Characteristics of the Period
• Polyphony – voice parts were given
equal importance and share the melody.
• Imitative polyphony.
• A cappella singing.
• Growth of instrumental, dance and secular
music.
• Antiphonal effects.
• Development of musical harmony and use of
cadences.
Antiphonal
• Music for more than one choir/group. One
side answers phrases from the other side
with rich, powerful effects produced when
they combine.
• Originates from Venice using contrasting
textures – chordal and imitation, blend and
contrast.
• Contrasts between groups – high and low,
loud and soft dynamics, solo and groups,
bright and dark timbres (tone colours)
• Fills the entire space of a Cathedral and so
completes man’s visual and aural depiction
of Heaven on earth.
Sacred Music
Mass
The Roman Catholic service of the Mass has had
A great influence on the development of music.
High mass (Missa Solemnis) has 5 passages of
Plainsong (the proper of the Mass) and 5
extended passages (the Ordinary of the
Mass)which are often set in an elaborate choral
way. The ‘Ordinary’ is the Section referred to as
the Mass in a musical sense.
Mass
Features of the Mass include
Latin text and polyphonic texture, and it
is usually sung a cappella. Originally
used in church worship, but in later years
became a large-scale work for chorus,
soloists and orchestra.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRsD
gtqtx5Q
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GcKas
CiX26Y
5 Main Sections of the Mass
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Kyrie – Lord Have Mercy
Gloria – Glory be to God on High
Credo – I believe
Sanctus - Holy, holy (often include the Benedictus)
Agnus Dei – Lamb of God
A special setting is the Requiem (Mass
for the dead).
Think – ‘King George Cuts Sandwiches
Buttering Always.’
Motet
A sacred choral work with Latin text and
Contrapuntal (polyphonic) texture. It was
usually sung
a cappella.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MgKLIMIhh1
c
Anthem
Similar to the Motet but sung in English.
A Verse Anthem includes the organ and
is written for soloists with sections for
full choir.
Secular Music
Madrigal
A non-religious work, polyphonic in style,
using imitation. Features of madrigal include
text in English, use of word painting, throughcomposed music, usually sung a cappella.
Listen to the
word painting in John Farmer’s Fair Phyllis:
1. ‘Fair Phyllis I saw sitting all alone’ – sung by
a solo soprano before the another three
voices complete the quartet.
2. ‘Up and down’ – the pitches give the illusion
of moving ‘up and down.’
The music has an irregular metre moving
between simple and compound time.
Ayre
• An ayre (air or song) is a madrigal
which can be performed by a solo voice
with lute accompaniment; by solo voice
accompanied by other instruments; or
with all parts sung by voices with or
without accompaniment.
Ballett
A type of madrigal in strophic form which
was originally danced to. It features a fala-la refrain at the end of each verse.
Instruments of the Renaissance
Period
Consort
of viols
Lute
Rebec
Woodwind Instruments
Rackett – double reed bass instrument
Crumhorn – double reed, range of just
over an octave
Cornett – similar to a recorder but
played with a trumpet-like mouthpiece.
Recorders
Virginal
Clavichord
The Pavan
A Renaissance court dance linked with
the Galliard. The pavan is slow and
stately with two beats in the bar.
Galliard
A Renaissance court dance which
follows the Pavan. A galliard is quick and
lively with three beats in a bar.
Other Concepts...
Word Painting
• The music is used to describe the words.
• Listen to As Vesta was from Latmos Hill
by Thomas Weelkes. Listen to how word
painting is achieved on the following
phrases:
1. ‘Running down amain’ – descending
scales
2. ‘Two by two’ – two voices
3. ‘Three by three’ – three voices
Melisma
A melodious flourish of notes sung to a
single syllable.
Texture
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Monophonic
Homophonic
Contrapuntal (polyphonic)
Antiphonal
Imitation
Canon
Continuous Texture
Listen to the following excerpt and tick two
boxes to describe what you hear:
Monophonic
Antiphonal
Homophonic
Strophic
Gregorian Chant
Credo
Madrigal
Listen to the following excerpt and tick two
boxes to describe what you hear:
Ballett
Antiphonal
Motet
Strophic
Madrigal Proper
Mass
Through composed
Listen to the following excerpt and tick three
boxes to describe what you hear:
Kyrie
Anacrusis
Motet
Melisma
Diminution
Antiphonal
Augmentation
Listen to the following excerpt and tick three
boxes to describe what you hear:
Imitation
Syllabic
Anthem
Contrapuntal
Madrigal
Agnus Dei
Verse Anthem
Listen to the following excerpt and tick three
boxes to describe what you hear:
Ayre
Consort of viols
Contrapuntal
Consort of
recorders
Modal
Word painting
Homophonic
Listen to the following excerpt and tick three
boxes to describe what you hear:
Ayre
Madrigal
Madrigal
Motet
Word Painting
Change from
simple to compound
time
Change from
compound to simple time
Listen to the following excerpt and tick two
boxes to describe what you hear:
Antiphonal
Compound time
Pavan
Galliard
Overture
Viols
Ballett
Listen to the following excerpt and tick three
boxes to describe what you hear:
Trill
Galliard
Ballett
Pavan
Rebec
Lute
Virginal
Listen to the following excerpt and tick three
boxes to describe what you hear:
Lute
Word Painting
Motet
Imitation
Ayre
Homophonic
Madrigal
Listen to the following excerpt and tick two
boxes to describe what you hear:
Trill
Through
composed
Ballett
Consort
Homophonic
Strophic
Augmentation
Listen to the following excerpt and tick three
boxes to describe what you hear:
Galliard
Motet
Crumhorn
Contrapuntal
Homophonic
Consort of
recorders
Consort of viols
Listen to the following excerpt and tick three
Boxes to describe what you hear:
A cappella
Mass
Strophic
Melisma
Rebec
Madrigal
Diminution
Listen to the following excerpt and tick three
boxes to describe what you hear:
Anthem
Madgrial
Motet
Imitation
Verse Anthem
Sanctus
Benedictus
Through Composed
Listen to the following excerpt and tick two
boxes to describe what you hear:
Viols
Madrigal
Homophonic
Crumhorn
Contrapuntal
Consort of
recorders
Prose Question 1
There are three types of madrigals, the
madrigal proper, ballett and ayre. The ballett
is ________ in form whereas the madrigal
proper is ___________. The ballett also
contains a _______ refrain. The madrigal
proper has a ___________ texture. An ayre
is usually __________, often by a ______.
Prose Question 2
The Mass is sung in ________. The texture is
__________ with many voices singing in ________
of each other. The music is unaccompanied
(___________).
A motet is sung in _________. It features several
voices singing in _________ of each other with a
___________ texture. An anthem is sung in
_________ and a ________ features an
accompaniment (often the organ).
Prose Question 3
When composing a Mass or motet, the composer
often splits the choir in two or has more than one
choir. He can then create a dialogue between the
different voices. This creates an ____________
effect.
Two important dances from the Renaissance period
were the ________ and _________. The
__________ is a slow dance with _______ beats in
a bar. This is followed by a __________ which is
_______ with ______ beats in a bar.
Characteristics
Medieval and
Renaissance Music
Instrumental
Music
Sacred
Music
Secular
Music