Transcript Slide 1

SEARCH Closing Conference
Amman
16 April 2014
“Social, Ecological and Agricultural Resilience
in the Face of Climate Change”
(SEARCH) Project
SEARCH project is
funded by the EU
SEARCH project: to increase the resilience of the (SES) local
communities and the ecosystem by developing a resilience
framework for local action planning; and testing through
demonstration projects
What is resilience?
“The ability of a social or ecological system to absorb disturbances while
retaining the same basic structure and ways of functioning, the capacity
for self-organisation, and the capacity to adapt to stress and change”
(IPCC, 2008)
…the capacity to cope with change and re-build when necessary
SEARCH working in five countries
Morocco
Palestine
EGYPT
Lebanon
Jordan
SEARCH in Egypt
Beni-Suef and Minya Governorates
Ehnasia
Samallout
Districts
The impact of Climate Change on strategic
crops productivity in Egypt
% increase in
water
requirements
% change in
productivity
with +4°C
% change in
productivity
% change in
with +3.5°C
with +2°C
Crop
productivity
%2.5 +
%18 -
%9 -
Wheat
%10 +
%31 +
%17 +
Cotton
%.8 +
%19 %51 -
%.8 +
%19 -
Maize
%14 -
Tomato
Sorghum
Source: Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture
Problem Definition
 Pressure on natural resources especially water has grown sharply as
a result of the impact of the climate change
 Other Emerging factors such as increase in population, per-capita
demand and competing demands of other sectors
 Water have been traditionally managed in a highly centralized
manner, which failed to integrate the ecosystem management and
satisfy the end users needs
 Renaissance Dam in Ethiopia will decrease the water flow to Egypt
Approach
 Participatory Planning Cycle (PPC) The PPC is a framework that works at
different levels
 Stakeholders dialogue for concerted
actions
 Demonstrating and testing through
pilot projects
 Documentation of
learning process
case
studies,
Visioning
Awareness
raising
Develop initial
scenarios
Stakeholder
analysis,
climate change
Identify
problems
Develop future
vision
Resilience assessment
Vulnerability
assessment
Visioning
Awareness
raising
Assessing
Analysis
Monitoring
Strategising
Implementing
Planning
Social analysis
Gather
information
Quality
control
Stakeholders Analysis
 Local stakeholders identified
watershed/district level
at
the
 Power relations, interests, and influence on
the watershed and ecosystem services
 Stakeholders categorized according to roles
in the watershed management (primary and
secondary)
Main problems
• High temperature (heat waves) affect the productivity of many basic crops
• Dust storms affect some crops
•
•
•
•
•
Drought leads to increased demand for irrigation water
Water shortages in tail ends of canals
Small capacity of canals branches in some areas
Low efficiency of agricultural drainage systems in some areas
Agricultural and solid wastes disposal in waterways hindering water flows
• The use of unaccredited seeds
• High prices of seeds, fertilizers
• Newly emerging diseases affecting human beings and livestock and poultry.
Vulnerability Mapping
Poverty Layer
Vulnerability to Food Security
(Source: CEDARE and WFP)
Human Development Index
GDP Layer
Samallout
Beni-Suef
Roads
Faults
Roads
Faults
Minia
The matrix of the adaptive capacity
Risk
Impacts
Coping measure
Weak
productivity
• Planting types
tolerant to high
temperature.
• Covering small
plants with hay.
• Irrigation at early
morning and/or the
evening
High
tempera
ture
Increased pests
that affect crops
Effectiveness
Suggested adaptation
measure
Not enough
 cultivation time shift
 Usage of new types
tolerant to high
temperature
 Greenhouses

Applying Integrated
combating systems
for pests control

Aggregated cropping
patterns
Irrigation
Improvement
Use of pesticides
Not enough
Increase of
water
consumption
Irrigation timing in
early mornings or
in the evenings

The matrix of the adaptive capacity .
Risk
Impacts
Coping measure
Salinity of land
crops tolerant
salinity
Suggested adaptation
measure

New types tolerant
to salinity

Establishing Water
Users Associations
(WUAs)
Low
productivity fertilizers application
Not enough
of
some
to crops
crops

Cultivating
low
water consumption
crops
Livestock
decreased
reproduction

Integrated
services
Conflicts
between
farmers
Drought
Effectiveness
Coordination
Reproduction care
to
Not enough
Not enough
Not enough
vet
Vulnerability Assessment at the community level
Vulnerability Assessment
Affected
area/ sector
Event
Exposu Degree of
re
Sensitivity of
the System
Degree of the
adaptive capacity
Vulnerability
the end of
Canals and
Meskas
Drought
Exposu High
re to
lack of
water is
high in
summer
Average:
Lack of capacity and
awareness hinder and
limit benefits
High
Reclaimed
areas
Wind
and frost
High
Low because of the
high costs incurred in
the adaptation
measures
High
High because
it is a desert
area
Resilience Assessment
Climatic factors
Stress factor
Anthropogenic factors
Other
Livestock
raising
Agriculture
expansion
Desertifaction and
Urban dev.
Frost waves
Increased
M
H
M
H
M
H
H
Sensitivity
M
H
M
H
M
H
H
Impact
M
H
M
H
M
H
H
Adaptive
capacity
M
M
H
M
M
L
L
Vulnerability
M
M
L
M
M
H
H
Resilience
M
M
M
L
M
L
L
Exposure
Temp.
Wind
Drought
Resilience Strategy Highlights
Diversity’ strategy:
• Re-use of drainage and treated waste water, an
example of ‘diversity in resources’.
• Use of agricultural modern methods that save water
and increase productivity.
• Introduce new varieties of crops tolerant to severe
climate events, such as heat (heat waves), frost and
wind
• Mobilize community resources to face climate change.
• Improve health care and veterinary care to face climate
change
‘Self Organization and Governance’ strategy:
• Coordination between sectors to achieve policy
coherence
• Empowerment of communities especially women
• Capacity Development of governmental Institutions
• Participation in planning / sustainable dialogue
between stakeholders and communities
• Integrated water resources management (IWRM)
• CSOs and Water Users Associations roles in
environmental issues.
Sustainable Infrastructure and Technology’
strategy:
• Low cost technology applications for water
saving, renewable energy, sustainable
agriculture and food security.
• Low cost technology for sewage treatment
• Soil improvement and protection from
desertification
• Green infrastructure in government plans
• Private sector investments in sustainable
infrastructure and technology
‘Learning’ strategy:
• Awareness raising at all levels to face climate change.
• Access to data, and information dissemination among
stakeholders and communities
• Empowerment of civil society
• Learning by doing with government institutions (e.g.
agricultural extension departments)
• Education: upgrade environmental education at schools
Adaptation Plan Highlights
• Increase awareness on CC impacts and adaptation measures
• Improving water management at the farm level and mesqa
• Maximizing the use of irrigation improvement project (large national
project)
• Improving the role of the agriculture extension
• Maintenance of the irrigation and drainage networks
•
•
•
•
Improving health and environment conditions
Control the rising of subsurface water
Maintenance of sanitation systems
Protection of water quality from pollution sources (solid waste
management, sanitation treatment, etc.)
• Promote agro-industries at the village level
• Improve marketing
• Training center at the village level to support women farmers
Pilot Projects
Farmer field schools in El-Masharka and Mayana
villages
• Agricultural Extension / Agricultural directorate in Beni Suef
• Transfer messages and knowledge to target farmers
• Awareness on adaptation to climate change / agricultural production
• Evaluation: Knowledge level - pre assessment average was 68% and the
post is 94% and have shown a 26% progress in knowledge level
Pilot project 2 Plantation of Tolerant and Economic Trees to
maximize the use of water and Improve livelihoods
 Drought/heat tolerant / Low water
consumption
 High nutritious values
 High economic value
The price of seeds per tree is
estimated globally at $ 19
The world price of green leaves is 4.5
dollars / kilogram
Pilot project 3 – Maintenance of the Non Conventional
Sanitation System
Proposal to SFD
Young Women Employment for Health
Awareness
Approved
THANK YOU