Transcript Forest and Biodiversity

Sustainable Habitats








Housing
Drinking water
Urban Development
Health and Sanitation
Waste Management
Transport
Pollution
Greening of Urban Spaces
Sustainable Habitats
1)
2)
3)
4)
Current Status
Perceived Climate change impacts
Departments dealing with Sustainable Habitats
Strategies
Sustainable Habitats
Current Status
Housing
Tamil Nadu ranks first on share of Urban population among large states
in the country and third on absolute urban population; the state has 3 to 4
major urban corridors; more than 20 per cent of the urban population of
the State live in slums
Drinking water
Largely dependent on rainfall for water supply to the state. Rural areas
suffer due to poor drinking water supply. (Next slide shows the status of
water supply in the State)
Urban Development
About 76 percent of the area is only covered under
planned area, the rest of the areas do not fall under any government plan;
there is also large illegal constructions which have increased with rapid
migration
Status water supply Tamil Nadu
Sustainable Habitats
Health and Sanitation
The State has a fairly robust health infrastructure;
yet it faces shortfalls in terms of primary health centers and healthcare
personnel.
Sanitation is another major concern as underground sewerage schemes
are in existence only in 16 towns of the State
Waste Management
Population growth has enhanced the quantum of waste generation thus
leading to an increase in the level of pollution. Accumulation Municipal
Solid Waste (MSW), is a matter of growing concern in urban areas. The
implementation of Municipal Solid Waste (Management
and Handling) Rules 2000 has become the mandatory responsibility of
the Urban Local bodies.
Sustainable Habitats
Transport
The transport sector is the area which consumes around 50 percent of the
petroleum products and has the potential of saving 25 percent energy.
There has been substantial increase in the vehicular population between
2007-08 to 2011-12, of which significant contribution is from the nontransport vehicles sector.
Greening of Urban Spaces
Due to rapid urbanization and migration from rural areas the government
recognizes that there is a need to ensure greening of urban spaces
Sustainable Habitats
Pollution
Urbanization and further development in housing, transportation,
industrial growth etc has lead to an increase in pollution. Over crowding
of cities and towns, traffic congestion, lack of adequate water supply,
sanitation and increased cost of living are few of the major concerns. Air
borne emissions from industries and vehicles has contributed to air
pollution.
It has been noted there are over 3000 highly polluting red category
industries in Tamil Nadu releasing over 6lakh liters of effluent per day.
Sustainable Habitats
Perceived Climate change impacts
Housing-It is estimated that of the 20 percent of the urban population
living in the slums about 30 percent are living on river and watercourses
margin below Mean Flow Levels. These hutments will be submerged in
flash floods causing loss of lives or properties.
Drinking Water-Can impact quality and availability of water, as also cause
damage to water supply and drainage/sewerage infrastructure assets,
increase disease causing organisms, changed pattern of thermal mixing
can cause ‘eutrophication’
Health and Sanitation-Heat related morbidity and mortality, Respiratory
allergies and bronchial diseases, Vector borne and zoonotic diseases,
Water borne diseases, Neurological diseases and disorders, Cancer are key
concerns related to health
Sustainable Habitats
Urban Development-Climate Change likely to damage infrastructure due
to extreme weather conditions and flooding
Waste Management-can cause rapid anaerobic degeneration of bio wastes
if waste disposition is not done properly
Transport -rising vehicular population couple with increased level of
pollution and increasing fuel prices
Pollution-can affect the quality of air, water and other resources
Greening of Urban Spaces-for controlling temperature rise due to climate
change in urban spaces
Sustainable Habitats
Departments dealing with Sustainable Habitats
(1) Housing and Urban Development,
(2) Municipal Administration and Water Supply Department,
(3) Transport Department,
(4) Health and Family Welfare Department,
(5) Tamil Nadu Energy Development Agency,
(6) Tamil Nadu Electricity Board,
(7) Rural Development and Panchayat Raj Department, and
(8) Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board.
Sustainable Habitats
Strategies
Housing
 Mandatory ECBC implementation in all sectors
 Design considerations to withstand calamities
 New Housing Policy
 Promotion of alternate construction material in housing like
M.Sand(produced by crushing hard granite stone), fly ash etc to reduce
the pressure on natural resources.
 Research on long-term impacts on manufactured sand on quality of
housing
Pollution
 Improved air quality monitoring through more stations in urban
centers
 Air quality monitoring along roads with heavy vehicular movement
Sustainable Habitats
 Monitoring of groundwater quality
 Ensuring ZLD in industries
 Action Plan to control Pollution
 Strict enforcement with penalty for violation
Greening of Urban Spaces
 Compulsory OSR for greenery under the Development regulations in
DTCP.
 Stringent compensatory plantation for tree cutting, including heavy
refundable deposit upon evidence of completing compensatory
plantation
 There are several residential projects coming up with the provisions for
greenery around the built-up area. This may be included in the
development regulations while giving approvals.
 Study to identify suitable plant and tree species for urban greenery
Sustainable Habitats
Urban Development
 Mandatory adoption of ECBC.
 The Building Rules of local body may include the wastewater recycling
provisions for large commercial and industrial developments as
mandatory provision before issue of permission for developments.
 Propose to achieve a model split of 70:30 for public and private
transport
 Encourage environment/ eco-friendly modes of transport i.e. cycles,
pedestrian friendly traffic.
 Enlarge the segments of vehicular population converted to pollution
free fuels, viz., LPG/CNG/battery.
 Strictly enforce the road users to obtain EUC
Sustainable Habitats
 Establish an air quality monitoring system, which maps the quality of
air across the road network periodically.
 Subject every major transport development measure to safety audit.
 Disaster precaution in building designs
 Regulation of developments in flood prone areas
 Removal of encroachments in disaster/flood prone areas
Water
 Revamping of existing water supply schemes to avoid loss of water
 Protection of water sources
 Increasing storage capacity
 Reuse of grey water
 Recharge of groundwater
 Promotion of Manufactured sand in construction
Sustainable Habitats
Health and Sanitation
 New Sanitation Policy
 Monitoring of vector-borne and water- borne diseases
 Identification of indicators for monitoring
 Study on vector-borne diseases
 Ensuring complete coverage with sanitation
Waste Management
 Setting up of the Material Recovery Facility within the compost yard
 Energy generation from methane recovery from SWM all over Tamil
Nadu
 Study shall be carried out to identify the composition of solid wastes in
different regions of Tamil Nadu to finalize the management proposal
 Introducing penalty provisions for non- segregation of wastes by the
occupier, for littering on streets and depositing or throwing any solid
waste in contravention of the provision and on the local body for
deficiency in services
Sustainable Habitats
 Preparation of “Action Plan” for all the Corporations, municipalities





and town panchayats in Tamil Nadu
Conducting Training Program for officials, people and manufactures of
various municipalities.
Providing incentives to private sector to participate in the reduction,
segregation, transport, recycling and final disposal of all types of solid
wastes.
Specific responsibility to be assigned to stakeholders in the
implementation of the plan
“Polluters Pay” principle, local bodies to collect a levy from bulk
garbage generators such as industries, hotels, marriage halls, markets
and commercial complexes.
Establishing safe recycling facilities for e- waste and construction
debris
Sustainable Habitats
Transportation
 Increase the number of bus services in over crowded routes and add
new services including mini buses in added areas.
 While developing road infrastructure, exclusive lanes to be created for
pedestrian and bi-cycle.
 Measures to make cycling attractive with good cycling paths, cycle
parking facilities, link between cycling and public transport.
 Congestion taxes may be levied on vehicles
 Transportation Fund may be created
 Single window clearance by CUMTA
 Comprehensive Mobility Plan (CMP)
 Advertisement revenue for public transport – from bus shelters
 High Parking revenue to match market demand, periodical renewal, to
contribute to traffic fund, and discourage private transport.
Sustainable Habitats
 Low-floor buses to support differently abled
 Emission based special taxes/ penalty
 Providing feeder services to connect the residential areas
 Encouraging car-pooling
 Introducing no -driving day
 Increased subsidy / Reduced excise duty on hybrid vehicles and battery
operated vehicles.
 Improvement to all existing roads and maintenance at regular intervals
 Adoption of alternate/advanced technology including mixing of plastic
to ensure endurance to the roads
Climate Change and Sustainable Habitats
 Sustainable Habitat/Climate Change Policy
 Climate Change cell in each department.
 Alternatively Creation of Climate Change Department