Transcript File - Geography

2.5 On the move
How is migration changing
the face of the EU?
2.53 The economic, social,
environmental and political
consequences of these
movements and the issue and
reactions they create
Overview
Source
Advantages
Disadvantages
Host
Interconnected?
 What does this mean?
 Flows of money, ideas and information pass back and
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forth between family members living at a distance
from one another
How can we become interconnected?
Remittances? – money sent home by migrants
Lloyds TSB bank - According to a recent survey by
the bank, more than 40% of Polish workers recently
transferred money back home, and nearly 75% plan to
do so again in the near future.
Most transactions are for between £100 and £500
and are typically made every one or two months. The
main reasons for making the transfers included
financial support for their family and saving for their
own future, the bank found.
Impacts of migration
 Demographic - how are
population pyramids
changing?
 Population 'to hit 65m by
2016'
 The population of the UK is
set to increase by 4.4
million to 65 million by
2016, according to new
projections.
 The Office for National
Statistics (ONS) estimates
that 2.1 million of the overall
rise can be put down to
immigration alone. (BBC)
Impacts of migration
 Demographic - how are population pyramids changing?
 Within Poland, figures for emigration vary hugely –
from around 0.6 – 3 million people since 2004.
 Ageing and population decline.
 By 2050 it is likely that the 65+ age group in Poland
will increase from 11% to 27% while the 19-44 years
working age percentage falls from 38% to 27%. Total
population is projected to fall from 38 million today
to 33-32 million by 2050.
Impacts of migration
 Demographic - how are population
pyramids changing?
Impacts of
migration
 Economic – how are
individual working lives and
national economies
changed?
 What does this show?
 Migrants can be both a net
cost and a net benefit to
economies.
 Young single skilled
migrants boost economic
growth, where as migrating
families with dependents or
asylum seekers are likely to
be a cost
Impacts of Migration
 Economic – how are individual working lives and
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national economies changed?
Estimates UK treasury migrants contribute 10% to
taxes but take 9% in government spending.
700000 eastern European immigrants arrived
between 2004-2007 – 5000 claimed some kind
benefit although 70000 claimed child benefit
Migrant workers bring a net economic benefit to the
UK economy of at least £2.5Bn per year, filling jobs
which no one else wants to do or providing skills
where there is a skill shortage...
Doing jobs we don’t want to….
news article about Peterborough
clip from Poles are coming - Peterborough with locals
who don't want to work on farms
Impacts of Migration
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Economic
The geographical pattern in
the UK
City of London
Boston
Westminster
Northampton
South Holland
Peterborough
Fenland
East Cambridgeshire
Herefordshire
Dungannon
Scotland article economist
Impacts of migration
 Economic
 Page 141 Phillip Allan – table of economic
costs and benefits – use to add to your
notes
Impacts of Migration
 Social – what is the impact
on families and on migrant
health and welfare?
 Very few post-enlargement
migrants claim state
benefits (only 2.4% of
those registering for
National Insurance
numbers between May
2004 and December 2007
did so in order to claim
benefits)
 1 in 4 children in UK in
2007 was born to a foreign
parent
 Birth rate is starting to
increase in UK
 Video linkproblems
for maternity
services /churches
booming
 Video illustrates a
few of problems
Impacts of Migration
 Consequences for source countries
 Family break up as generally young men
migrate leaving families behind
 A culture of emigration and a sense that
leaving is a good thing - this can cause
societies to undervalue themselves.
Impacts of Migration
 Cultural – what is the religious reaction
and what are the effects on art and
music?
 Video Link - problems for maternity
services /churches booming – catholic
church services booming in
Peterborough
 Creation of multicultural societies and
benefits of easy access to the music,
food, tradition and ideas of other
cultures
Cultural – Impacts of Migration
 Food
 The sudden influx of Poles since their country joined the
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EU in 2004 has seen an explosion in Polish foods and drinks
available - first in specialty shops selling to migrant
workers, but now demand is so great that Sainsbury's,
Asda and Tesco stock products such as pulpety (meatballs)
and delicje (biscuits with chocolate and jam).
Tesco's have created a website – Tesco Polish products
From Tesco's website
The huge demand for Polish delicacies in Britain has
overwhelmed us to the extent that we have exceeded our
original expectation by tenfold.
The rocketing demand means that Polish has become the
fastest-growing ethnic food range we have ever launched
including our Indian and Chinese cuisines, so the launch of
the dedicated website for Poles is a logical step forward.
Impacts on Migration
 Environmental – is the travel polluting?
Are there stresses for receiving areas?
 Every day, seventy flights touch down
at UK airports carrying passengers
from the new Eastern Europe chasing a
dream. Plus numerous coaches travel as
well
 "There are people coming and going all
the time, vans arriving and rubbish all
over the streets because they don't
understand recycling."
Political
 EU worker restrictions to remain
Restrictions on Bulgarians and Romanians
who want to work in the UK will remain in
force until at least the end of next year,
the Home Office says. (BBC)
 There are growing concerns about total
population. Migrants, who tend to be young
and fertile, boost population. This could be
good for the UK as they counter-balance an
ageing workforce, however, population could
grow to fast for housing and services to cope:
Policy change
The 5 tier points system:
 Tier One: Highly skilled
(2008)
This tier includes entrepreneurs, top scientists and business people. No job offer will be required.
 Tier two: Skilled with job offer
(2008)
People with qualifications / work-related experience; job offer in a "shortage area" such as nursing.
 Tier three: Low skilled
(no date set)
Workers from the expanded European Union, who do not need prior permission to arrive.
 Tier four: Students
Those paying for tuition in the UK.
(2009)
 Tier five: Temporary workers, Youth mobility
(2008)
Professional sports people or professional musicians, who want to work in the UK for an event such as
the Olympics or a football match, or a concert. The youth mobility aspect is intended to cover cultural
exchanges or working holidays by young people.
 The points system will replace over 80 different work permits that exist today.
Its major impact is likely to be when Tier 3 is activated, as this will restrict low
skilled migrants to the EU, and not from elsewhere in the world.
 Guardian news article - 2.53 points based immigration system.doc
 Page 142-143 Phillip Allan – notes on UK policy on immigration
 Popular press headlines
about welfare
scroungers and benefit
costs
Views about immigration
 70-80% of British
people wish for
tighter immigration
policies
 ‘swamping British
culture’ often cited
 55% of existing
immigrants in
favour of slowing
immigration
SOURCE: YouGov poll, Telegraph. May 2004
Overall …
 Migration is frequently controversial,
provoking fierce reactions and becoming
major political issues in countries that
experience mass immigration.
 Prejudices
 2.53 Guardian article prejudices They come
over here.doc
 But important to remember, the positive
aspects of EU migration – music, fashion, food
etc they are….?