Transcript No Slide Title

Climate
change
climate
change
climate c
Climate Change:
How cities & towns can adapt
Maryke van Staden
Coordinator
European Cities for Climate Protection (CCP) Campaign
Climate & Air Team
ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability
Contents
- Context
- The Role of ICLEI
- The CCP Campaign
- The Reinforced Strategy for the
European CCP Campaign
- Conclusion
Context: What is happening now?
 Temperature increase:
 10 hottest years on record since 1991.
 Temperatures have risen by 0,6° in the past century.
 Oceans have warmed down to 3,000 metres.
 Mountain glaciers and snow cover have declined.
 Arctic ice cover is shrinking (in depth and in extent).
 Acceleration in sea level rise (10 - 20 cm in 20th century)
– may be related to increase in global mean temperatures
 Lengthening of growing seasons.
 More extremes in weather patterns and changing precipitation:
 More intense and longer droughts have been recorded.
 More intense rainfall.
 150 million people affected by floods world-wide (7 million in 60s).
Source: IPCC 2007
Principal
Environmental
Problems
City Analogues
Source: PRUDENCE (Christensen et al, 2002) EU 5FP
HadRM3H-model
Growing Urban Population ...

Urban population has doubled over last 50 years

World population by 2030 : 2/3 to live in cities

Consider: Impact on cities and towns - citizens, infrastructure,
bio-diversity, food crops, .… Cities are part of the challenge
and the solution!
 Action
to be taken: ameliorate and mitigate the impact of
climate change (reduce and counter) + adaptation (improve
resilience and adapt)
LOCAL VULNERABILITY:
 Land (physical conditions)
 Infrastructure
 Citizens
 Economy
Consider how to avoid risk!
What is the role of ICLEI in
this context?
ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability
 International local government association
-
Founded in 1990 at the UN in New York
UNEP and the United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG)
sponsored ICLEI at the beginning
-
744 ICLEI member cities, representing more than 300 million
citizens around the globe
-
 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
-
Official Observer status with the UNFCCC
Lead organisation representing local governments at the
UNFCCC Conference of the Parties (COP)
-
Member
Cities
ICLEI
exchange
Member
Cities
movement
ICLEI Activities
Other
institutions,
organisations
Campaigns + Programmes in EUROPE
Local
Agenda 21
CCP
Campaign
Water
Campaign
Procura+
Campaign
Environment
Management
Program
International
Training
Centre
5th European Conference
on Sustainable Cities &
Towns
Seville, Spain - 2007
Cities for Climate Protection (CCP)
Campaign
TM
World-wide movement of local governments
that adopt policies and implement measures addressing
mitigation, in support of climate protection, to achieve:
- reductions in local greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs),
- improved air quality, and
- enhanced urban liveability.
CCP International Status in 2005:
• International: 800 local authorities from 29 countries
• Europe: 162 participants from 17 countries
• Addressing mitigation
CCP Campaign - Adaptation included
• Increasing need recognised - how can cities/councils adapt to
climate change and improve their resilience.
• World Congress Cape Town (Dec. 2005): ICLEI amends CCP
charter to include adaptation.
ACTION started in 2006:
 Launched Reinforced Strategy for the European CCP Campaign.
 Adaptation a pre-requisite for all new participants.
 Consider involvement in projects: research, demonstration, resilience
assessments, dissemination and sharing, …
 Other actions needed? Networking and partnerships! Consensus for
action.
CCP Campaign - New Objectives
• Improve awareness on climate change and the benefits of
action in the areas of mitigation and adaptation.
• Encourage commitment and accelerated action in both areas.
• Provide a framework to enable the integration of climate
protection and resilience policies with actions at a local level.
• Develop capacity to act (tools, training, exchange, projects).
• Promote international cooperation among participants with
different levels of local resources and local emissions, now
also on adaptation.
5-Milestone Methodology - Updated
1. Emissions inventory and forecast, plus a resilience assessment to
determine vulnerable areas.
2. Set targets for emissions reduction and identify adaptation
strategies in the following areas:
- sustainable energy / buildings
- urban design and land use planning
- sustainable mobility
- waste management
3. Develop and approve a Local Action Plan
(mitigation and adaptation strategies and actions)
4. Implement the Local Action Plan.
5. Monitor and report progress.
Complex Issue: Partnerships Needed
Slide courtesy Dr. Lasse Peltonen, Helsinki University of Technology, Centre for Urban and Regional Studies - Stockholm 2006
Relevant Projects: FINADAPT, SEAREG, ASTRA
Some Aspects to Consider
Community planning and construction:
- Secure decentralised (local) energy supply
- Long-term urban planning (e.g. heat islands vs greening)
- Quality and standards for construction
- Drinking water / water drainage
- Sewage systems
- Transport systems
 Complex issues that will have an impact at community level
 Responsibilities? Who has to act? How to act? When to act?
Key Lessons from the CCP
•
•
•
•
•
A multi-stakeholder process is critical.
Success built on cooperation and networking.
Some communities innovate, others observe and learn.
Local governments need a voice, and a platform to express it.
Like mitigation, adaptation response will be shared from
national to local government.
• Local government must contribute to the process and has to
deal with the impacts.
• Many different actors should be involved in process.
Reinforced Strategy
- CCP Campaign in Europe OPPORTUNITY FOR CITIES:
 Open invitation to cities and towns in Europe (ambitious or
new to the area).
 CCP internationally - each region has own process. Link to
network, share experiences.
NEW SUPPORT PLANNED
1. Resource Information Base on mitigation and adaptation
measures for municipal and community areas to be developed.
2. Consider tools for local governments to address adaptation.
3. Thematical working groups in CCP Europe - adaptation
discussions. Health can be a sub-group in this.
However, funding is needed for effective action!
Cities for Climate Protection (CCP)
Campaign in Europe
European Coordinator:
Maryke van Staden
[email protected]
www.iclei-europe.org/ccp
ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability
Local Action Moves the World
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THANK YOU!!