Transcript Environment and climate protection: Perspectives and solutions

Environment and climate protection:
Perspectives and solutions
Heng Monychenda, Cambodia
Asian-German Dialogue
for KAS scholarship alumni and participants of visitor programmes
to Germany
Singapore
June 22 to June 24, 2011
Hotel “Parkroyal” Singapore
Climate Change
• The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC), in its Article 1, defines climate change as: ‘a
change of climate which is attributed directly or
indirectly to human activity that alters the composition
of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to
natural climate variability observed over comparable
time periods’.
• The UNFCCC thus makes a distinction between climate
change attributable to human activities altering the
atmospheric composition, and climate variability
attributable to natural causes
key Solutions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Adaptation:
Maladaptation
Mitigation
Preparedness
Prevention
Resilience:
Adaptation
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Adaptation:
Maladaptation
Mitigation
Preparedness
Prevention
Resilience:
• Adjustment in natural
or human systems in
response to actual or
expected climatic
stimuli or their effects,
which moderates harm
or exploits beneficial
opportunities
(UNFCCC).
Maladaptation
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Adaptation:
Maladaptation
Mitigation
Preparedness
Prevention
Resilience:
• Those responses that
address immediate risks
in a manner that
increases future risks
because they create
conditions that
ultimately raise
vulnerability (FAO,
2008).
Mitigation
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Adaptation:
Maladaptation
Mitigation
Preparedness
Prevention
Resilience:
• In the context of climate change,
a human intervention to reduce
the sources or enhance the sinks
of greenhouse gases. Examples
include using fossil fuels more
efficiently for industrial processes
or electricity generation,
switching to solar energy or wind
power, improving the insulation
of buildings, and expanding
forests and other "sinks" to
remove greater amounts of
carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere (UNFCCC).
Preparedness
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Adaptation:
Maladaptation
Mitigation
Preparedness
Prevention
Resilience:
• The knowledge and
capacities developed by
governments,
professional response and
recovery organizations,
communities and
individuals to effectively
anticipate, respond to,
and recover from, the
impacts of likely,
imminent or current
hazard events or
conditions (ISDR, 2009).
Prevention
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Adaptation:
Maladaptation
Mitigation
Preparedness
Prevention
Resilience:
• The outright avoidance
of adverse impacts of
hazards and related
disasters (ISDR, 2009).
Resilience
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Adaptation:
Maladaptation
Mitigation
Preparedness
Prevention
Resilience
• The ability of a system,
community or society
exposed to hazards to
resist, absorb,
accommodate to and
recover from the effects
of a hazard in a timely
and efficient manner,
including through the
preservation and
restoration of its essential
basic structures and
functions.(ISDR, 2009).
Global Climate Change Alliance
• In 2007, the European Union agreed to build a Global Climate
Change Alliance between the EU and the developing countries that
are likely to be hardest hit by climate change. Cambodia was
selected to be a pilot country.
• UNDP supported an expansion of this vision by facilitating the
participation of other donors, initially Sweden and Denmark. The
Cambodia Climate Change Alliance (CCCA) was announced in 2009
by the EU and UNDP and formally launched in February 2010.
• The Cambodia Climate Change Alliance has two main aims:
1.
2.
To support capacity development and institutional strengthening to
prepare for and mitigate climate change risks;
To directly help vulnerable communities by enhancing their
resilience to climate change and other natural hazards. The
implementing partner is the NCCD.
First National Climate Change Forum
• In October 2009 Cambodia organized the First
National Climate Change Forum which was
opened by Prime Minister Samdech Hun Sen
who also accepted a new role as the Honorary
Chair of the NCCC, a strong sign of the country
leadership acknowledgement of the
seriousness of climate change problem
Pilot Program for Climate Resilience
• Cambodia has also been selected as one of nine pilot
countries for participation in the Pilot Program for
Climate Resilience (PPCR), the first active Program
under the Strategic Climate Fund (SCF) of the Climate
Investment Funds (CIF).
• The program aims:
– to provide incentives for scaled-up action and
transformational change in integrating climate resilience
considerations in the country’s development strategies and
programs and on other ongoing initiatives;
– to enable learning-by-doing and sharing of lessons and
good practice at country, regional and global levels.
Statement of the Kingdom of Cambodia
United Nations Climate Change Conference, 29 November-10 December 2010,
Cancun, Mexico
• In Cambodia, adaptation to climate change is the most priority.
Therefore, we would like to see:
– adaptation and mitigation action be equally treated for the future
climate regime.
– Assistance for implementing climate change adaptation measures in
Least Developed Countries should be unconditional, country-driven
and should not lead to increase debt of these countries.
– Cambodia reiterates that implementation of the NAPAs remains a real
challenge due to insufficient funding and very slow processes that do
not respond to our urgent and immediate nature of the NAPAs.
– In this context, Cambodia would like to call upon the developed
country Parties to directly contribute to the LDCF in order to meet
adaptation demands.
– Cambodia, along with other LDCs, propose to update our NAPAs.
International
Adaptation and Mitigation(IAM)
• Does I A M serve who?
– Serve I am?
– Serve You are?
– Serve us(US)?
• Does International Adaptation and Mitigation
Enough for world?
– Is it enough for who I am
– is it enough for who you are
– Is it enough for us
Buddhist Perspective
• At such time, monks, as rajahs are unrighteous, the
minister of rajahs also are unrighteous. When ministers
are unrighteous, brahmins and householders also are
unrighteous. Thus townsfolk and villagers are
unrighteous.
• This being so, moon and sun go wrong in their courses.
This being so, constellations and stars do likewise; days
and nights, months and fortnights, seasons and years
are out of joint; the wind blow wrong, out of season.
Thus the devas are annoyed. This being so, the skydeva bestows not sufficient rain. Rains not falling
seasonably, the crops ripen in wrong season.
• Monks, when crops ripen in wrong season, men who
live on such crops are short-lived, ill-favoured, weak
and sickly.
• But, monks, when rajahs are righteous, the minister of
rajahs also are righteous. When ministers are
righteous, brahmins and householders also are
righteous. Thus townsfolk and villagers are righteous.
• This being so, moon and sun go right in their courses.
This being so, constellations and stars do likewise; days
and nights, months and fortnights, seasons and years
go on their courses regularly; wind blow regularly in
due season. Thus the devas are not annoyed and the
sky-deva bestows sufficient rain. Rains falling
seasonably, the crops ripen in due season.
• Monks, when crops ripen in due season, men who live
on those crops are long-lived, well-favoured, strong
and free from sickness.
SOCIOECONOMIC DEPENDENT ORIGINATION
ACCORDING TO BUDDHISM
Unrighteous
Leader
WAR?
Not GOOD
GOVERNMENT
POVERTY
Not GOOD
SCHOLAR & BUSINESS
NOT GOOD
FARMING
Not GOOD
PEOPLE
ABNORMAL RAIN
ABNORMAL
MOON & SUN
UNHAPPY GODS/
NATURE
ABNORMAL
STAR & CONSTELLATIONS
ABNORMAL WIND
ABNORMAL
SEASON & YEAR
ABNORMAL
DAY AND NIGHT
ABNORMAL
FORTHNIGHT
&MONTH
SOCIOECONOMIC DEPENDENT ORIGINATION
ACCORDING TO BUDDHISM
Righteous
Leader
PEACE
GOOD
GOVERNMENT
WEALTHY
GOOD
SCHOLAR & BUSINESS
GOOD
FARMING
GOOD
PEOPLE
NORMAL RAIN
NORMAL
MOON & SUN
HAPPY GODS/
NATURE
NORMAL
STAR & CONSTELLATIONS
NORMAL WIND
NORMAL
SEASON & YEAR
NORMAL
DAY AND NIGHT
NORMAL
FORTHNIGHT
&MONTH
INTER-RELATION BETWEEN HUMAN AND NATURE
HUMAN KARMA
BAD
SOCIOECONOMIC
SOCIOECONOMIC
CONSEQUENCES
CONSEQUENCES
ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACT
INTER-RELATION BETWEEN HUMAN AND NATURE
GOOD/BAD
HUMAN KARMA
GOOD/BAD
SOCIOECONOMIC
CONSEQUENCES
GOOD/BAD
ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACT
Individual
Nature
Society
woe/happiness
When kin are crossing, if the
old bull swerve, they all go
swerving, following this
lead.
So among men, if he who’s
reckoned best live not
aright, much more do other
folk.
If the rajah be unrighteous,
the whole realm dwells in
woe.
When kin are crossing, if the
old bull go straight, they all
go straight, because his
course is straight.
So among men, if he who’s
reckoned
best
live
righteously, the other do so
too.
The whole realm dwells in
happiness If the rajah lives
aright.