Transcript Tidal Energy: - Global Coral Reef Alliance

Tidal Energy:
Worldwide distribution
Cost-effective technology
Multiple benefits
Tidal Energy should join other clean,
renewable sources of energy, such as
solar, wind, biofuels, and low-head
hydro, in receiving official, international
support and funding for its
development.
The Worldwide Distribution
of Tidal Energy
Grey areas in the ocean have the most intense tidal energy.
Almost all nations can
receive significant
benefits from
Tidal/Current/River
Energy Turbines
________________________________________
Applicable wherever water speeds reach above 2 knots
All coastal nations with tidal passes or channels between
coral reefs or offshore islands
Tidal energy is extremely reliable: runs every day like
clockwork
Tidal energy is very predictable: can be accurately
calculated a thousand years from now
Strong ocean currents, for example Gulf Stream
Rivers, especially in hills. Hydro-electric without dams.
Tidal Energy can be captured efficiently and
inexpensively using the helical turbine
Schematic view of a helical turbine mounted in a frame
Features of the helical turbine I
Basic concept:
• designed for hydroelectric applications in free-flowing
water
• operates in ocean, tidal, and river currents
• does not require expensive dams that can harm the
environment
• Operation:
• self-starting with flow as low as 0.6 m/s
• smooth-running
• rotates in same direction regardless of the direction of
flow, making it ideal for tidal applications
Features of the helical turbine II
Efficiency: 35%
In testing at the University of
Michigan Hydrodynamic
Laboratory
Multiple benefits from Tidal Energy include
• Electrification of isolated communities
• Power for the grid
• Regrowing coral reefs using mineral
accretion technology
• Substituting imported petroleum fuel
• Practical examples of the first three
benefits are given on the pages that follow
Tidal Energy contact information
Thomas J. Goreau, Ph.D.
President
Global Coral Reef Alliance
37 Pleasant Street
Cambridge MA 02139 USA
+1 (617) 864-4226
[email protected]
http://www.globalcoral.org
Scott D. Anderson, Ph.D.
Coordinator
The Tide-Energy Project
near the Mouth of the Amazon
+1 (352) 246-8246 (mobile)
[email protected]
Mr. Edward L. Kurth
President and General Counsel
GCK Technology, Inc.*
607 Bluff Cliff Drive
San Antonio, TX 78216
+1 (210) 496-5902
[email protected]
Prof. Alexander M. Gorlov**
Chief Technology Officer
GCK Technology, Inc.
607 Bluff Cliff Drive
San Antonio, TX 78216
* Has the licensing rights
to this technology
** Inventor and developer
of this technology
+1 (617) 277-0986
[email protected]
The Tide-Energy Project
Near the Mouth of the Amazon
Applying helical turbine technology
at a small scale to generate electricity
for rural communities
Project goal: use Tidal Energy to generate electricity
We have developed technology that enables rural residents to
meet energy needs in a way that is: economical, decentralized,
and environmentally sound
Tidal Energy: clean, renewable, and proven
As we will show, with modern technology there is no doubt
that it is practical, efficient, and cost-effective to capture Tidal
Energy
A requirement: decentralized technology
Near the mouth of the Amazon, rural residents are dispersed
and cannot be reached economically by power lines from
central generators.
The only decentralized options available to them now are:
solar panels and diesel generation.
An important breakthrough: the helical turbine
Rural artisans with a 6-blade helical turbine
The man at the left is a skilled woodworker, and on the right, a skilled
mechanic. With the aid of a local metal-working shop, they built the
turbine frame. They then installed the blades and now operate the
turbine.
Generating equipment I
(b) Pulley
and belt
(a) 6-blade
helical
turbine
(c)
Automotive
alternator
Generating equipment II
Configuration:
• The helical turbine rotates on a shaft with a pulley that runs an
alternator by means of a belt.
• The alternator charges batteries, as is usual with other
intermittent sources—solar and wind—when used off the grid.
The result: accessible technology
• About 90% of a Tide Energy station can be built using
locally available labor, materials, and equipment.
• Only the technically refined helical turbine blades are
outside components.
Benefits:
• Energy production: 120 A-h/day
• Sufficient to meet basic needs of 10 households—at World Bank
and Brazilian government standards for rural, solar electrification
projects.
Numbers on: Investment
Energy production: 120 A-h/day
•
•
8 solar panels (75 Wp), installed: US$ 5690
Tide-Energy generating station: US$ 2800
Note: investment estimated on pre-pilot project data.
The result: affordable technology
• Tide-Energy generating station: US$ 2800
• Small diesel-powered boat: US$ 2500-3000
Adopting Tidal Energy technology
Thousands of rural residents in the region now own small, dieselpowered boats. This technology was adopted by them over the last
twenty-five years at their own cost, with no outside incentives or
subsidies.
If they see Tidal Energy technology to be to their advantage, we are
confident that they will also adopt it.
Numbers on: Annual operating costs (120 A-h/day)*
• 1000 VA diesel generator:
US$ 1397
• Tide-Energy generating station: US$ 824
* Includes fuel, labor, maintenance, and depreciation
The result: profit and high return
For a single Tide-Energy generating station:
Annual Receipts (charging 5 batteries/day)
1750
Costs (labor, maintenance, and depreciation) 824
Profit
US$ 926
Return on investment: 33%
Note: cost and receipts estimated on pre-pilot project data.
Overall: producing energy and jobs
For a single Tide-Energy generating station:
• Investment requires 7½ worker-months of skilled and unskilled
labor.
• Annual maintenance requires ½ worker-month of skilled labor.
• Normal operation requires a ½ time job.
Present situation: beginning the pilot phase
Pilot phase activities include:
• Operation of the station by local community members for a
year.
• Close monitoring of the full costs and benefits.
$ We are seeking funding to carry this out.
For more information:
The Tide-Energy Project Near the Mouth of the Amazon
Scott Anderson, Project Coordinator
+1 (352) 246-8246 (mobile)
[email protected]
http://globalcoral.org/Tide_Energy_Overview_English.doc
Tidal Energy
at the
Uldolmok Strait, Korea
Testing of the Gorlov Helical Turbine
designed and built by
GCK Technology, Inc.
conducted by the
Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute
(“KORDI”)
The inventor,
Dr. Alexander Gorlov,
with a sub-unit of the
Gorlov Helical Turbine
(“GHT”)
during construction
of the GHT
(1m diameter,
2.5 m length)
tested by KORDI
in the
Uldolmok Strait.
The first tidal power
generation from a GHT
was on July 10, 2002.
The 1 meter GHT
turned at 160-180 rpms
in a 4 knot current
and generated 8-10 kW.
Features of the
Helical Turbine
Power increases 8 times
when velocity doubles
2500
I Knot =
1.69 ft/sec
Power (watts)
2000
1500
I M/sec =
3.28 ft/sec
1000
500
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Free Flow (Ft/sec)
Source: GCK Technology
Features of the Helical Turbine
Installation Cost: dollars/kw
L
T
ID
A
S
G
A
IL
O
A
L
O
LE
U
C
N
C
R
A
O
D
R
Y
H
IN
D
Red: high estimate
Blue: low estimate
W
S
O
LA
R
14000
13000
12000
11000
10000
9000
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
Source: GCK Technology, Inc.
GORLOV’S CONCEPTUAL DESIGN
for a floating power station in the Uldolmok Strait
KORDI ESTIMATES
OF
TIDAL POWER
IN THE
JIN-DO ISLAND AREA
Uldolmok Strait = 470 MW
Jaing Juk Strait = 1,230 MW
Maeng Gol Strait = 1,910 MW
TOTAL = 3,610 MW
This is the equivalent of 3.5
nuclear power plants
Contact Information
Mr. Edward L. Kurth
President and General Counsel
GCK Technology, Inc.
607 Bluff Cliff Drive
San Antonio, TX 78216
+1 (210) 496-5902
[email protected]
Prof. Alexander M. Gorlov
Chief Technology Officer
GCK Technology, Inc.
607 Bluff Cliff Drive
San Antonio, TX 78216
+1 (617) 277-0986
[email protected]
BIOROCK® TECHNOLOGY
The most cost effective solution for:
Coral reef restoration
Fisheries restoration
Shellfish restoration
Shore protection
Mariculture
Building stone and aggregate
Protecting reefs from global warming
Ecotourism
• On underwater, conductive structures we
assemble a positively charged anode and a
negatively charged cathode (structure)
• Apply a low voltage electric current between
them
•
•
•
•
– Safe for swimmers
Which causes minerals to crystallize from
seawater onto structures
Calcium carbonate, white limestone (CaCO3)
is formed-Similar to natural coral reefs and
tropical white sand
Corals adhere to limestone and grow quickly
Make the only marine structures that get
stronger with age and are self-repairing
How a Biorock® Reef works
When a positively charged anode and
a negatively charged cathode are
suspended in sea water with an
electric current flowing between them,
calcium ions combine with carbonate
ions and adhere to the structure
(cathode).
The result is calcium carbonate.
Corals adhere to CaCO3 and grow
quickly.
Anode (+)
Coral
Fragments
(CaCO3)
Solar collector or
other power
supply
Cathode (-)
Conductive
Structure
Biorock corals
• Grow 3-5 times faster
• Heal more than 20 times faster
• Survive high temperatures 16-50
times more
• Have hundreds of times more baby
coral settlement
• Attract incredible numbers of fish
In the Maldives
• Biorock reefs turned severely
eroded beaches into 15 meters
growth in two years
• All Biorock corals survived the
tsunami undamaged
• Surrounding reefs had massive
corals fall and table corals break.
• Corals can survive under lethal conditions
• Reefs can be quickly restored where they
can’t recover naturally
• Fishermen can grow reefs and greatly
increase fish and shellfish populations and
catches, becoming farmers instead of hunters
• Breakwaters can be built for a fraction of the
price of concrete or stone, with vastly greater
environmental benefits
• Use low voltage direct current that can be
provided by tidal energy turbines, solar
panels, windmills, or chargers
• Use as much power as beach lights.
Global Coral Reef Alliance
Dr. Thomas J. Goreau
President
Global Coral Reef Alliance
37 Pleasant Street, Cambridge, MA
02139, USA
Telephone: 617-864-4226, 617-864-0433
E-mail: [email protected]
Web site: http://www.globalcoral.org
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE,
STABILIZATION THROUGH SUPPLY
AND DEMAND MEASURES
United Nations Commission on Sustainable
Development
May 1-12 2006
Thomas J. Goreau, Ph.D.
Global Coral Reef Alliance
www.globalcoral.org [email protected]
The last time global
temperature was 1 degree C
higher than now
• Was 125,000 years ago, and
• Sea level was 7-8 meters higher
• Crocodiles and hippopotamuses lived
in London, England
• Atmospheric CO2 was 30% lower
than it is today
• If no more coal, oil, and natural
gas is burned,starting today,
climate change will eventually
greatly exceed that of 125,000
years ago
• If continued use of fossil fuels
causes runaway global warming,
sea level rise could exceed 150
meters
• Business as usual is a death warrant
for coral reefs and fisheries, but many
more ecosystems will follow
• Climate change models greatly
underestimate long term changes
because they miss most of the
positive feedback mechanisms in the
climate system, and have too short a
time horizon
• To stabilize the climate system
requires reducing CO2 sources
(supply) and increasing sinks
(demand)
• Tidal, solar, and biofuel energy
can reduce CO2 emissions
• Large scale reforestation and
addition of charcoal to soils can
increase sinks and increase soil
fertility and water holding capacity
The Framework Convention
on Climate Change is a treaty
to stabilize greenhouse
gases, temperature, and sea
level, but a treaty to stabilize
their rate of increase
THIS IS ONLY BECAUSE THEY CAN NOT
IMAGINE THAT RENEWABLE ENERGY
HAS THE CAPACITY TO REPLACE
FOSSIL FUELS AT COMPETITIVE COST,
AND BECAUSE THEY IGNORE
INCREASED SINKS. SOIL CARBON
SINKS ARE NOT RECOGNIZED BY THE
CDM.
WE MUST DO BETTER!
RELIANCE ON FOSSIL
FUELS IS A RECIPE FOR
ENVIRONMENTAL
DISASTER, A DEATH
SENTENCE FOR CORAL
REEF COUNTRIES, LOW
LYING ISLAND STATES, AND
MANY OTHER
ECOSYSTEMS