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CAPRI
CAPRI
CAPRI-Training Session 2004/II
GHG Emission Accounting according to
the IPCC Guidelines
Ignacio Pérez, University Bonn
CAPRI-Training Session, Tuesday 7. September 2004
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CAPRI
Program
CAPRI
• National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (NGGIs)
• Agricultural sources
• Data issues
– Activity Data (COCO)
– Emission Factors (IPCC Accounting)
• Construction of NGGIs in CAPRI
– Consistency issues
– Regionalization of data
• Implementation in CAPRI
• Work Forthcoming
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NGGIs
CAPRI
CAPRI
• In 2000 the Secretariat of the UNFCCC (???) adopted the general
reporting guidelines on annual inventories for Annex I countries
(FCCC/CP/1999/7), due by 15. April each year beginning in year
2000.
• In 2002 these guidelines were revised (FCCC/CP/2002/8),
beginning in year 2004
• Comprehended are GHG gases not regulated by the Montreal
Protocol (ozone polluting substances)
• Several sectors are affected: energy, industrial processes, solvent
and other product use, agriculture, LUCF (land use change ?), and
waste
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NGGIs
CAPRI
CAPRI
• Gas emissions are measured in tons
• These can be weighted depending on their radioactive effect in the
atmosphere (with respect to a reference gas, CO2), the so-called
“Global Warming Potential (GWP)”
Greenhouse Gas
Symbol
Carbon Dioxide
CO2
1996 IPCC 2001 IPCC
GWP
GWP
1
1
Methane
CH4
21
23
Nitrous Oxide
Trifluoroethane (HFC-23)
N2O
310
296
CHF3
11.7
12
Pentafluoroethane (HFC-125)
C2HF5
2.8
3.4
Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a)
C2H2F4
1.3
1.3
Trifluoroethane (HFC-143a)
C2H3F3
3.8
4.3
Difluoroethane (HFC-152a)
C2H4F2
140
120
Heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ea)
C3HF7
2.9
3.5
Hexafluoropropane (HFC-236fa)
C3H2F6
6.3
9.4
Perfluoromethane
CF4
6.5
5.7
Perfluoroethane
C2F6
9.2
11.9
Sulfur Hexafluoride
SF6
23.9
22.2
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CAPRI
NGGIs
CAPRI
• The IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)
was established in 1988 by the UNEP and WMO
“The role of the IPCC is to assess the scientific, technical and
socio-economic information relevant to understanding the
scientific basis of risk of human-induced climate change, its
potential impacts and options for adaptation and mitigation”
• The Task Force on National GHG Inventories (TFI) was
established in 1998 by the IPCC with the following
objectives:
– to develop and refine an internationally-agreed methodology and
software for the calculation and reporting of GHG emissions
– to encourage the widespread use of this methodology by
countries participating in the IPCC
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Agricultural Sources
CAPRI
CAPRI
• In agriculture methane and nitrous oxide are the most
relevant GHGs
• Several sources are covered by the inventories for the
agricultural sector:
–
–
–
–
Enteric Fermentation (from ruminants)
Manure Management (from animal production)
Rice Cultivation
Agricultural Soils (nitrogen fixation, atmospheric deposition,
nitrogen losses from fertilizer application)
– Prescribed Burning of Savannas
– Field Burning of Agricultural Residues
• Other indirect sources, such as machinery use and
fertilizer production are accounted in other sectors
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CAPRI
Data Issues
CAPRI
• Inventory Data are required to be transparent, accurate, consistent,
comparable and complete
• For its calculation activity data and emission factors are needed
• For Europe, activity data can be obtained from EUROSTAT
• In order to obtain emission factors, the IPCC published for the first
time in 1997 ‘Accounting Rules’ which are periodically reviewed.
• IPCC emission factors are calculated for single pollution sources
and are applied with the help of different sectoral and regional
parameters
• The complexity of NGGIs calculation might vary depending on the
availability of data
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CAPRI
Data for Agriculture
CAPRI
• Activity Data from EUROSTAT
• In COCO consistent and complete set of data
• Emission Factors from IPCC (guidelines)
• Generally 2 different Tier Methods (1 and 2)
(depending on activity information)
• In CAPRI Tier 2 implemented in most of the cases
• Additional data on prices, tariffs, …, from other data
bases (FAO, OECD)  necessary for the price
mechanism
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CAPRI
Construction of NGGIs in CAPRI
CAPRI
• Agricultural sources of GHG in CAPRI are sources of:
– carbon dioxide (2)
– methane (3)
– all sources of nitrogen, through conversion to nitrous oxide (7)
• Consistency issues:
– fodder and animal activities are interlinked at a regional level
– emissions are distributed across activities (closed system)
• Regionalisation issues:
– Different climates (at the moment only averages) and
management systems)
– REGIO activity data
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CAPRI
Implementation in CAPRI
CAPRI
(1) Methane Emissions from Enteric Fermentation
• GE is gross energy need, and is calculated for each animal type
(j), energy class used (e) and digestability index (DE) ???
• A regional parameter (r) is included in the model, through fodder
availability
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CAPRI
Implementation in CAPRI
CAPRI
(2) Methane Emissions from Manure Management
• VSER is the daily volatile solid excretion rate on a dry-matter
basis, and depends on ash content in manure and digestability
• Emissions are differentiated according to the MS average
temperature (cold, temperate and warm regions)
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Implementation in CAPRI
CAPRI
(3) Methane Emissions from Rice Production
• Rice production is not an important source of emissions in
Europe.
• Just data for Spain, Greece and Italy
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CAPRI
Implementation in CAPRI
CAPRI
(4) Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Manure Management
• Differen manure management types (regional differentiated) and
climates (warm and temperate regions)
• Data from JRC, IPCC
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Implementation in CAPRI
CAPRI
(5) Nitrous oxide and Carbon Dioxide emissions from
fertilizer application
• Own analysis on emission coefficients
• Not included in the IPCC emission inventories for Agriculture
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CAPRI
Implementation in CAPRI
CAPRI
(6) Nitrous oxide emissions from crop residues
• Data from JRC and IPCC
• Minor source of emissions
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Implementation in CAPRI
CAPRI
(7) Nitrous oxide emissions from nitrogen-fixing crops
• Pulses and grass activities included
• Coefficients in fertpar.gms
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CAPRI
Implementation in CAPRI
CAPRI
(8) Indirect nitrous oxide emissions from atmospheric
deposition
• Data for different regions and uptake from different crops
• Coefficients in fertpar.gms
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CAPRI
Implementation in CAPRI
CAPRI
(8) Indirect nitrous oxide emissions from atmospheric
deposition
• Data for different regions and uptake from different crops
• Coefficients in fertpar.gms
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CAPRI
Work Forthcoming
CAPRI
• Comparison of national inventories with the CAPRI
results
• Analysis of results with different IPCC methodologies
(sensitivity analysis)
• Addition of new parameters (climate, soil types, …)
• Calculation of new emission sources (e.g. CO2 from
diesel combustion at a disaggregated level)
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CAPRI
CAPRI
Thanks for your attention !!!
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