Transcript Folie 1 - Property Finance

ZERO CARBON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTS IN THE
UK AND POTENTIAL CHALLENGES TO THE CODE FOR
SUSTAINABLE HOMES
MUHAMMAD RIAZ AKBAR
Prof. Neil Hewitt
Prof. George Heaney
Dr. Lay Cheng Lim
University of Ulster, UK
CONTENTS
• Introduction / Background
• Climate Change/Impacts
• Code for Sustainable Homes (CSH)
• Challenges to the Code
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Technical
Legal and Regulatory
Economic
Social and Cultural
Delivery Capacity
High rise development
• A Research Approach for Multi-Storey High Density Developments
• Research Methodology
• Conclusion / Way Forward
Muhammad Riaz Akbar
INTRODUCTION
Background
• Climate Change
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Proportions of Fossil Fuel Use in Developed
Economies
CO2 Concentration
18% increase in CO2 mean annual concentration,
Transport
from 315.98 to 372.95 ppmv
25%
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IPCC (2001) “most of the warming observed over
the last 50 years is attributable to human activities”
Buildings
• 50%
UKCIP 2 to 3.5 ºC by the 2080s Rising Temperature
Industry
25%
50 per cent of CO2 is originating from buildings
Source: Roaf et al., 2005 and MAX Fordham and Partners (Adapting Buildings & Cities)
Muhammad Riaz Akbar
The climate of the UK and recent trends, UKCIP, 2009
Muhammad Riaz Akbar
CODE FOR SUSTAINABLE HOMES
All new homes in England will have to be carbon neutral by 2016
Gordon Brown, 6 December 2006
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UK Policies & Targets
• Ten year Plan of the Government
» 25% by 2010 (Code Level 3)
» 44 % by 2013(Code Level 4)
» Zero Carbon Homes by 2016
Muhammad Riaz Akbar
CODE FOR SUSTAINABLE
HOMES (Contd.)
EcoHomes
CSH
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CSH FACTORS
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Energy and CO2 Emissions
Water
Materials
Surface Water Run-off
Waste
Pollution
Heath and Wellbeing
Management
Ecology
Muhammad Riaz Akbar
CHALLENGES TO CSH
1.
Technical Challenges
2.
Legal and Regulatory Challenges
3.
Economic / Financial Challenges
4.
Social / Cultural Challenges
5.
Capacity Challenges
1.Technical
• Post Occupational Assessment
2.Legal
& Regulatory
• Limiting Size
& Type of Technologies
•• Voluntary
Nature
Private wires
3.Economic
& Financial
•• Single
Policy
Origin of
Energy Supply
•• Increased
Cost
Definition
• Un-Clear
Local Energy
Source
4.Social
&
•27-43% Cultural
in the absence of WT
• Large glazing areas
5.Delivery
Capacity
• MVHR (Sigma
House Experience)
• Lack of Skilled HR
• Capacity of Existing Professionals
Multi-Storey
Developments
• Institutional Capacity
and
Overlapping of Functions)
?
Multi-Storey High Density Developments
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MULTI-STOREY HIGH DENSITY
DEVELOPMENTS
• CHALLENGES
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Cost
Utilisation of enormous resources
Pressure on infrastructure
Rigid Structural Design
Vertical Transportation
Social, Cultural and Health Issues
Impact on the Surrounding area
• POTENTIAL
The
National House Building Council (NHBC)
o Land
o Cost
England
o Location and Accessibility
Detached
Apartments/Flats
o Optimum utilisation of infrastructure
1997
44%
15%
2002
15%
32%
(Walker, 2004)
Muhammad Riaz Akbar
SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT
STANDARDS
BREEAM
Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method
EcoHomes
EcoHomes
CSH
Code for Sustainable Homes (Zero Carbon Homes)
HK-BEAM
Hong Kong Building Environment Assessment Method
PHPP
Passive House Planning Package
LEED
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
GBTool
Green Building Tool
CEEQUAL
Civil Engineering Environmental Quality & Assessment
Award
SPeAR
Sustainable Project Appraisal Routine
MOVING TOWARDS MORE SUSTAINABLE
MULTI-STOREY HIGH DENSITY ZERO
CARBON DEVELOPMENTS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Literature
Sustainable Developments
Legal & Regulatory Framework
National & International
Commitments
EcoHomes/CSH/Leeds/PHPP
Theoretical Framework
Sustainability Factors
Practical Framework
Baseline Model
Model Validation
Through a case study
(SQ)
Outcome
Substantiation
Testing/Review
Professional forum
Best Practice
Sustainable Developments
MULTI-STOREY HIGH DENSITY DEVELOPMENT
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MATRIX (Sustainability Factors)
SUSTAINABILITY
STANDARDS
PHPP
HK-BEAM
LEED
GBTOOL
CEEQUAL
EcoHomes
CSH
SUSTAINABILITY FACTORS
SR. NO
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Orientation
F2
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Renewable
Materials
Tecnologies
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AF1
AF3- - -
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Water
Transport Location
F8 - - - REMARKS
SUB-FACTORS
SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENTS
BUILDING 1
BUILDING 2
BUILDING 3
BUILDING 4
BUILDING 5
BUILDING 6
BUILDING 7
BUILDING 8
BUILDING 9
BUILDING 10
F1
AF1
Factor
Additional Factor
Muhammad Riaz Akbar
BASELINE MODEL
Literature
Sustainable Developments
Legal & Regulatory Framework
National & International
Commitments
EcoHomes/CSH/Leeds/PHPP
Theoretical Framework
Sustainability Factors
Practical Framework
Baseline Model
Model Validation
Through a case study
(SQ)
Outcome
Substantiation
Testing/Review
Professional forum
Best Practice
Sustainable Developments
MULTI-STOREY HIGH DENSITY DEVELOPMENT
Muhammad Riaz Akbar
MODEL TESTING / REVIEW
• CEni forum
• 50 Professional Experts (Developers, Policy maker,
Academia, Property Professionals (engineers/architects/planner),
Experts (PHPP/EcoHomes/CSH))
Muhammad Riaz Akbar
MODEL VALIDATION
Literature
Sustainable Developments
Legal & Regulatory Framework
National & International
Commitments
EcoHomes/CSH/Leeds/PHPP
Theoretical Framework
Sustainability Factors
Practical Framework
Baseline Model
Model Validation
Through a case study
(SQ)
Outcome
Substantiation
Testing/Review
Professional forum
Best Practice
Sustainable Developments
MULTI-STOREY HIGH DENSITY DEVELOPMENT
Muhammad Riaz Akbar
Methodology
Empirical Work
International best
practices
Primary Data
•Teleconference
•FGD (Structure Question)
•Indepth Interviews
Secondary Data
•Library study
•Internet browsing
•Design specifications
•Reports etc.
Analysis
Baseline Model
Assess against the
sustainability factors
(CSH/PHPP/LEEDS etc.)
Identification of gaps
and challenges
Identification of the
elements/factors of best
practices that can be
applied to CSHH in UK
Case Study (SQ)
Primary Data
•FGD
•Structured interviews
•Observations
Secondary Data
•Library study
•Internet browsing
•Design specifications
•Reports etc.
Data analysis
Validation of baseline model
for Code 3
Research findings
Substantiate
Model
Outcome
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CONCLUSION
Summary
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Introduction post occupational assessment
Consideration of origin and capacity of private wire for energy supply from
renewable source
Best combination renewable technologies, integration of renewable energy
with the whole system
Introduction of a renewable heat tarrif complimentary to that existing for
renewable electricity and role of feed in tarrifs in general to offset the initial and
running costs of renewables
Definition of Zero Carbon Homes
Introduction of carbon reduction credits at a single dwelling level
Capacity enhancement etc.
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Location
Thermal Mass
Embodied Energy
Impact on the infrastructure and surrounding developments
Muhammad Riaz Akbar
CONCLUSION
WAY FORWARD
CSH
CSHH
Muhammad Riaz Akbar
THANK YOU
Questions/Suggestions
Muhammad Riaz Akbar