Transcript Mangrove Ecosystem Mapping in The Limpopo River Basin …

MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM
MAPPING IN THE LIMPOPO
RIVER BASIN ESTUARY
Sérgio Adriano M. D. Maló
Natural Resources Management & GIS Specialist
E-mail: [email protected] or
[email protected]
PRESENTATION CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Study
and background
area
 Objectives
 Methods
 Limpopo
river estuary land use and cover
 Mangrove
degradetion factors
 Mangrove
ecosystem use and impact on
community livelihood
 Final
remarks
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND


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
Mangroves are highly productive, biodiversity rich forest
ecosystems adapted to survive in the harsh interface
between land and sea.
Products and eco-services: timber, fire wood,
construction materials, habitat for fisheries, coast lines
protection from tsunamis, storm surges and erosion;
carbon sequestration.
An estimated 35 600 k m2 were lost between 1980 and
2005, and the annual rate of loss between 2000 and
2005 was 0.66%.
Climate change will may affect mangroves: changes in
sea-level and high water events (floods).
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
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
The Limpopo river estuary
mangrove is proved to be
vulnerable to extreme
weather events (floods) and
most likely to be affected by
expected climate change
impact.
The mangrove have been destroyed by the 2000 floods
and very poor regeneration is been observed.
José (2009) and Balidy et al (2005) suggests as possible
causes: the change in the structure and composition of
the substrate and hydrological system conditions.
STUDY AREA
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The Limpopo river basin catchment lies
over 416,000 Km² and has over 14 million
residents living in it.
The study area: from the Limpopo month
up to Lumane and Limpopo rivers
junction: 24 de Julho, Zimilene and
Salvador Allende communities. Total
population: 17,212 residents according to
2007 census.
OBJECTIVES

Over all objective:
 To do the mangrove ecosystem mapping for better
understanding of their lose area and their potential
impacts on local communities livelihood, particularly
those located in surrounding areas of mangrove forest
as well as identify the ecosystem degradation factors.
 Specific
 Analyse
objectives:
the Limpopo river estuary land use and cover
pattern
 To
 To
identify the mangrove degradetion factors
identity the impact of mangrove ecosystem use on
local community livelihood
METHODS
2003
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2010
Literature review
Environmental history approach (key informants and RS)
Remote sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS)
Google Earth images of the study area were used to detect
changes in land use and land cover between 2003 and 2010
(08/09/2003 and 21/02/2010).
 The visual interpretation technique.
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Interviews: key informants and environmental experts.
Field visits (Focus groups discussion and participatory mapping).
LIMPOPO RIVER ESTUARY LAND USE AND COVER
2003
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2010
Mangrove degradeted: 1,102.44 (2003) to 1,114.55 (2010)
difference: -12.11
Mangrove in good condition: 200.24 (2003) to 188.13
(2010) difference: 12.11
LIMPOPO RIVER ESTUARY LAND USE AND COVER
Hec (Land Hec (Land use
Land Use
use 2003)
2010)
Change
Air Field
3.77
3.77
0.00
Beach
200.59
261.63
-61.04
Crop and Livestock production 7,442.36
7,442.36
0.00
Human Settlements
3,271.17
3,271.17
0.00
Mangrove Degradeted
1,102.44
1,114.55
-12.11
Mangrove in good condition
200.24
188.13
12.11
Rain feed agriculture and
woodland
3,869.27
3,866.14
3.13
River
876.74
819.37
57.37
Sand Dunes with Vegetation
179.40
178.86
0.54
Sand Dunes without vegetation
9.96
9.96
0.00
Tourism
112.50
112.50
0.00
17,268.42
17,268.43
0.00
MANGROVE DEGRADATION FACTORS
 1)
Decreasing of water and solid (mud/clay)
flows;
 2)
During the 2000 floods the mangrove and the
estuary area was overwhelmed by a large
volume of sediment that altered soil conditions
for the mangrove development (IUCN &
MICOA, 2011);
 3)
Expected climate change impact Vs
anthropogenic use;
 4)
It is important do consider local people
involvement on mangrove conservation
measures.
MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM USE AND IMPACT
ON COMMUNITY LIVELIHOOD

The livelihood assets that support both
adaptative capacity and resilience are:
 Natural
 Physical
 Financial
 Social
MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM USE AND IMPACT ON
COMMUNITY LIVELIHOOD

Natural assets:

Terrestrial land: agriculture, livestock (7,442.36) and Human
settlements use.

The land supports subsistence agriculture (rice and maize);

Around 1,302.68 hectares of mangrove forestry
Benefits from mangrove including disaster reduction ,
protection of agricultural land trough the salt absorption and
potential for aquaculture and carbon sequestration
exploration.
 Only 188,13 hec of mangrove is in good condition and around
1,114.55 degradated
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Len of Limpopo River and tributaries (Lumane River).
MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM USE AND IMPACT ON
COMMUNITY LIVELIHOOD
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Physical assets:
 Road access to the main roads trough an unpaved
road that provides connection to the markets,

This road is difficult to use in rain season and this is
a limitation for this region.

The study area has a primary school facility that is a
potential for economic mobility trough education.

In Chilaulene (Salvador Allende) village there is a
heath facility that provide a basic health care
services.
MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM USE AND
IMPACT ON COMMUNITY LIVELIHOOD
 Financial
assets:
 There is no bank or formal credit system
that can provide investment opportunities
in diversifying the income generation
activities.

Opportunities for fish market and
aquaculture
MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM USE AND IMPACT ON
COMMUNITY LIVELIHOOD
Social assets:
 The CDS-ZC is enabling the
environment for community
associations for mangrove
conservation activities trough a
Community Based Conservation
initiative.

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CDS-ZC is implementing mangrove
restoration activity with collaboration
of the local community.
This will create opportunity to respond to changes with
collaborative actions as well as channels for information
dissemination and awareness raising.
FINAL REMARKS
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Mangrove degradeted: 1,102.44 (2003) to 1,114.55 (2010)
difference: -12.11
Mangrove in good condition: 200.24 (2003) to 188.13
(2010) difference: 12.11
The Zongoene local community recognizes the mangrove
conservation importance
The linkage with their natural livelihood assets that
mangroves provides.
Degradetions factores:
 Natural: floods; poor generation rate (soils
conditions); human actions (timber and firewood);
climate change?
FINAL REMARKS
 The
mangrove ecosystem and surrounding
wetlands supports around 17,212 inhabitants.
 The
livelihood assets that support both
adaptative capacity and resilience are: Natural
assets; Physical assets; Financial assets and
Social assets
 If
the mangrove is not there, there will be less
agriculture land for crop production due to soils
salinization trough a salt intrusion process that
is already taking place.
Thank you
Let us protect the nature