Transcript living music

An Introduction to Music
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Contents
Why living Music is so Important
What is Music
Fundamental Blocks for Music
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Melody
Harmony
Rhythm
Lyrics*
Mapping between key terms in Indian and western music
Expressing Emotions through Music
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Why live Music
Music - Essential Life Component
• Human Brain has natural affinity
towards music. A musical activity
improves intellectual brain activity.
• Music skills enhance Self
Confidence, Social Bonding and
Success in society .
• Playing music helps in bringing
down Stress levels and improves
overall health and well being.
From Loving to Living Music
• Actively playing music (living music) is
infinitely more enjoyable than passively
listening to it
• Every Human being has the potential to
evolve into a Musical genius with
proper training and Practice
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Music – Organized Sound evoking Emotions
Organized
Sound
Rhythmic patterns
Pitch / Frequency
Melodic Phrases
Timbre / Voice
Harmonic Progressions
Loudness / Dynamics
evoking
Emotions
Wide melodic range, Consistent strong rhythm, Major Chords
Narrow melodic range, Slow rhythm, Minor Chords
Wide melodic range, Rhythm variations, Mixed Chords
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Building Blocks of Music
Song /
Lyrics
Rhythm
Composition
Rhymes
Meter
Syllables
Harmony
Melody
Scale
Chord Progressions
Phrase
Musical Note
Duration
Pitch
Beats
Frequency
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Intensity
Timbre
Tempo
Musical Note
Duration
• Duration tells how long the note
lasts or the Time Value of the note
• This is usually expressed in Beats
(measure of time in music)
Whole note
4 Beats
Half Note
2 Beats
Quarter Note
1 Beat
Eighth Note
half Beat
Time value of Notes
Pitch
• Auditory property helping sound to
be perceived as higher or lower
Higher Notes
Lower Notes
• Depends on Frequency, expressed in
Hertz (cycles per second)
Quarter Note A on Staff = 440 Hz
Tone and Note
• A sound of a specific frequency and pitch is referred to as a Musical Tone. In addition to
these Tone has following Attributes
Intensity: A measure of loudness
• Tones of specific frequency are referred to as Musical Notes and have associated names.
E.g. Notes, C, D, E, F in western music
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Melody – Musical Scales
Overview
• A Musical Scale consists of a collection of
Notes with pre defined Pitch distances
C5
523 Hz
B
• Notes with Frequency difference of two
times are said to be an Octave apart.
• In a commonly used ‘Equal Tempered’
scale, the Notes are divided equally into
several parts, usually 12
A
440 Hz
G
392 Hz
F
349 Hz
S
• The Ratio of Frequencies of adjacent
intervals is fixed – 1.059 approx (12th
root of 2)
E
D
• Each Step is referred to as a Semitone (S)
and 2 steps as Tone (T)
T
Middle C
(C4)
• The Note A above middle C with
frequency of 440 Hz is used as Tuning
Standard in Western Music
261.5 Hz
Music Scale shown over 12 Equal Temperaments
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Melody – Musical Scales
Most of the Music systems in the world use Diatonic Scale as the basic framework for musical
Compositions which follows same pattern of Pitch distances T T S T T T S
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C
7
B
6
A
C
D
E F
D
E
G
A
B C
Guitar
Piano
5
G
4
F
C
2
E
A
B
C
B
C
English Notes
C
D
E
F
G
A
Indian Notes
Sa Re Ga Ma
Pa Dha Ni Sa
Spanish Notes
Do Re Me
So
D
T
1
G
Staff
Notation
S
3
F
C
Pitch gaps in a Diatonic Scale
Fa
La Ti
Diatonic Notes Names in various Music Systems
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Do
Instrument Ranges
Human Voice
Concert Piano
Violin
Bass Guitar
Guitar
C0
C1
C2
C3
C4
Middle C
C5
C6
C7 Octave C8
• Every Instrument has a limited Range of Pitches it can play
• Most Vocalists have a Vocal Range of 2-3 Octaves. Some people can go upto 3.5 or even 4
• Sound of same frequency from different Sources sounds very similar even if tone quality
(or timbre) is very different. Sound of Frequency in factors of 2 (Octaves) sounds very
similar
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Musical Phrases
• Melody is created using different patterns of Notes in a Musical Scale
• Musical phrase is a unit in Composition which has complete musical sense
• A melody typically consists of several consecutive musical phrases.
• Phrases usually culminate into a more or less definite cadence.
• Cadence is musical melodic or harmonic configuration that creates a sense of Resolution
Twin
kle
Twin kle
lit
tle
star
how
I
Example of a common Melody
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what you are
Harmony
• Combinations of certain notes sound pleasant and certain others sound annoying
(dissonant) based on harmonic interaction between different frequencies
• Simultaneous notes of different pitches produce Chords, which provide fundamental
building block for Harmony in Western Music
• The study of Harmony involves chords and their construction and chord progressions.
Consonance and Dissonance
• Consonance is a chord or Interval that sounds
pleasant to most people and appears to be at Rest.
• Consonances are generally points of arrival,
Resolution or Rest. Most Harmonies and Melodies
end on Consonance Chords
• Dissonance appears to be Unpleasant and at Unrest
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C Chord = C + E + G
Example of C Chord on
Piano and guitar
Chord Progressions
• Series of Chords that establish a Tonal Function for each Chord to produce Harmonic Flow
• Change of Chord, or "chord change", generally occurs on an accented Beat,
• Most Common Chords consist of Triads (3 notes) Formed using alternate notes. E.g. CEG
= C Chord, GBD = G Chord
• Chords created using Bass notes of various Scale Degrees of the Tonic (Key) are often
referred to with equivalent Roman Numerals. E.g. in the Key of C, C Chord = I, F Chord =
IV, G Chord = V
3 Chord Progressions
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•
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•
I - IV - V – V
I - I - IV – V
I - IV - I – V
I - IV - V - IV
Circle Progressions
• I-V-I
• I - IV - V - I
Examples of Chord Progressions
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Blues Changes
• I-I-I-I
• IV - IV - I – I
• V-V-I-I
Rhythm
Rhythm
• Rhythm is regulated succession of strong and weak elements and made up of sounds and silences.
• The strong and weak elements (sounds and silences) are put together to form a pattern of sounds which
gets repeated
• A rhythm has a steady beat, but it may also have different kinds of beats.
Tempo
Metric Level
• Speed or Pace of a given piece
• Can affect the mood and
difficulty of a piece.
• Usually expressed in Beats per
minute
• Basic Unit of time that can
be audible
• Also called Beat level
• Repeating series of
identical distinct periods
Whole note
4 Beats
Meter
• Organization of music into
regularly recurring measures
of stressed and unstressed
"beats“
• Indicated in Western music
notation by a time signature
and bar-lines.
Quarter note
1 Beat
Half note
2 Beats
Beat Level
Multiple Levels
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Eighth note
1/2 Beat
Division Level
Expressing Emotions through Music
Emotion
Melody
Rhythm
Harmony (Chord/
Tonality)
Happiness,
Excitement
Wide Range
Consistent,
Strong, Loud, Fast
Major
Love, Affection,
Tenderness
Medium
Gentle,
Medium Tempo
Major
Sadness
flat
Slow
Minor
Tranquillity
flat
Smooth, Gentle
Major/Minor
Triumph,
Ecstasy
Wide Jumps
Energetic,
Loud,
Fast
Power Chord
This is only a Rough Guideline. The infinitely complex musical structures and patterns allow
Infinitely Complex Emotions to be Expressed with Music
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We welcome your involvement in living music
THANK YOU
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