Transcript GEF $5 M
5th Global Conference on Oceans,
Coasts, and Islands
GEF CONTRIBUTION to HEALTHY
OCEANS - ADAPTATION to
CLIMATE CHANGE &
BLUE FORESTS CONSERVATION
UNESCO, Paris
May, 2010
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MANGROVES
EMPOWER PEOPLE
CC
ACCESS to RESOURCES
CONSERVATION
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Role of Oceans
Coastal/Marine Ecosystems provide nutrition for about 3
billion people, & 50% of animal protein & minerals to 400
million people in LDCs
$70 billion in annual international trade of marine
fisheries products stem from the oceans
Coastal ecosystems filter water; reduce effects of coastal
pollution, nutrient loading & sedimentation; and buffer impacts
of extreme weather and erosion
Half the carbon emitted, which is sequestered by nature,
can be attributed to marine ecosystems, and Earth’s
temperature is regulated by these ecosystems
The marine environment is under significant & increasing
stress – e.g. from the impact of extractive industries, pollution,
overfishing, & elevated carbon dioxide levels resulting in
ocean acidification. These stresses curtail the efficiency of
oceans role as climate moderator and provider of essential
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services
Intensification of TRENDS
Higher Temperature
Higher Acidity
Rising Coastal Populations
Rising Coastal Industries
Increased Pollution from terrestrial and marine activities
Overfishing
CONSEQUENCES
Rising Sea Levels
Diminished Effectiveness in Regulating Earth’s
Climate leading to increased frequency & intensity of
coastal floods, hurricanes, typhoon, tsunamis
Reduction in Marine BD & Productivity (e.g.
ecosystem services) and Shifts in Distribution of
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Species
GEF Watershed, Coastal, and
Marine Portfolio up to GEF-4
BD Funding : ~$ 1.1 Billion
Co-Financing : ~$ 4.6 Billion
IW Funding: ~$ 1.1 Billion
Co-Financing : ~$ 4.8 Billion
Adaptation to CC: ~$400 M
Co-Financing : ~$400 M
Total GEF Funding: $2.6 B ~ 1/3 of GEF Portfolio
to Protect Healthy Oceans & their Blue Forests
During GEF-4: 75% increase towards
conservation & sustainable use of coastal,
marine & freshwater ecosystems, compared to
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first 3 phases of the GEF.
Results of Countries
& GEF/Agencies
182 IW Projects with 172 Collaborating
Countries
15 Transboundary River Basins
4 Transboundary Lake Basins
19 LMEs - 1/2 of DC & 142 supporting BD
projects
More than 250 Protected Areas
4 Groundwater Basins
Multi-Focal Programs: PAS-SIDS (inc.
Micronesia Challenge), CTI, Caribbean
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Challenge
GEF-5:Marine Programs Addressing the
Gaps & Challenges of Oceans/Blue
Forests Conservation & Climate Change
Maximize the Use of GEF Resources & Co-Financing to
Countries to create multiple environmental benefits
Multi-Focal Areas –to Integrate BD, IW, CC (Mitigate&
Adapt) and Persistent Organic Pollutants – CTI, PAS
Country-Led, Regional Programmatic Approaches
All programs/ projects to incorporate climatic variability
and change, community scale results, gender
integration, and experience-sharing/ learning
Coastal LME projects to incorporate ICM & consider sea
level rise/flooding/reefs/fisheries/ blue forests/Carbon
(mangroves, kelp, seagrass, marshes)
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Continue…
Focus on Large-Scale Ecosystem Management
• Action Both at the Country and Transboundary
Levels
• Better Feeding and Breeding Grounds for
Fisheries
• Mainstreaming Biodiversity into Fisheries
Practices in and outside MPAs
Catalyze multi-state cooperation to rebuild
marine fisheries and reduce pollution of coasts
and Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs)
Promote effective management of Marine
Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ)
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directed at preventing fisheries depletion
Responses
1. Increased Representation of Coastal &
Marine Protected Areas
Networks of Coastal and Marine Protected
Areas:
1.Effective for Preserving Marine Biodiversity
2.Hedging Against Ecological Disasters
3.Enhancing Long-Term Fisheries Management
4.Potential to Combat the Effects of Global
Climate Change
2.Maintaining the Structural Integrity of
Large-Scale Marine Ecosystems
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3.Sustainable CZM Plans
4.Advancing Management of Ecosystems &
Integrated Coastal & Oceans in the Context of
Climate Change
Ocean Management + Science are Key
Elements of a National CC Strategy
Some Adaptation Occurring Now – but on a
Limited Basis
Integrate a Portfolio of Adaptation and Mitigation
Measures to Curtail Risks Associated with CC
Scaling Up is Far from Easy
Challenge:
1. Increase the Number and Impact of Marine
Adaptation Projects
2. Increase Mitigation Measures, curtailing
sources of Disequilibrium
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3. Integrate Adaptation and Mitigation Measures
5. Get the Science Right & Economic Valuation of
Coastal/ Marine Ecosystems
Make the Business Case for the conservation
of coastal/marine ecosystems measured against
unsustainable conversion or extinction of coastal
ecosystems
Assign Monetary Value to the services
provided by costal ecosystems : e.g. watershed
protection; carbon sequestration; BD, water, food
supply; etc.
Carbon Sequestration:
1. Develop, & reach scientific consensus on,
carbon accounting methodology to underpin further
action
2. Develop Financing Mechanisms for blue carbon
credits, trading, & offsets systems- including
exploring potential use of a performance-based 11
REDD+ mechanism
GEF International Waters Ecosystem-Based
Approach
to Management of LMEs at Multiple Scales
Across LMEs in Asia Region - Alternatives to
Shrimp Trawling-FAO or Oceanic
Fisheries/Tunas UNDP/FFA/WCPFC
Large Marine Ecosystem Scale
South China Sea LME-UNEP
Coastal Municipality/Provincial ICM Scale
Da Nang, Vietnam - UNDP PEMSEA
River Basin Linkage Scale
GPA Mekong River Basin/delta - World Bank
Local Community-based Demo Sites
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Phu Quoc Fish Refugia Vietnam- UNEP
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Blue Forests: Mangroves
One of the most unique ecosystems on Earth as
they thrive where no other trees can survive – the
transition between the ocean and the land & the
most visible blue forests
Healthy Mangroves
Buffer zone between ocean & land – coastal
protection
Shelter & food source for aquatic & terrestrial
organisms
Carbon Sinks : Indications are that these habitats
sequester more carbon on a unit basis than
rainforests and can contribute to climate change
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mitigation
Continue...
CTI - 60,000 km2 of coastal area estimated to
support carbon burial of ~8.3 million tons of CO2
annually (Spalding et al. 2001),
Columbia - More than 2,000 sq km of significant
corals, mangroves and sea grass beds legally
protected within a system of 4 large MPAs
India – More than 3,401 sq km of mangroves
Indonesia: facilitate Protection of 2,085 ha of
mangrove forest in the Cobanos area.
South China Sea & Guinea Current LMEs
Future: Scale-up Coastal Protection of SE
Asia (Indonesia, Philippines, Timor-Leste,
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Vietnam) and Africa.
GEF Adaptation Strategy
Goal: Support developing countries to
increase resilience to climate change
through implementation of adaptation
measures in development policies,
plans, programs, projects and actions
Objectives: Reduce vulnerability and
increase adaptive capacity
Impact: Reduce absolute losses due
to climate change, including variability
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GEF is involved in 3 Adaptation Fund
Mechanisms
UNFCCC Climate
Change Funds
Least Developed
Country Fund
(LDCF)
NAPA Preparation
& Implementation
Total: $190M
Kyoto Protocol
Adaptation Fund
Special Climate
Change Fund
(SCCF)
top priority to
adaptation
GEF provides
secretariat
services to the
Adaptation Fund
Board
Total: $120M
Estimate $80–300
million/year
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GEF Mediterranean Sustainable
Development Program
“Sustainable MED”
Build a better future for the Mediterranean
communities with a focus on sustainable water
resources management - integrating economic
and environmental progress, including
protecting essential ecological services, and
curtailing global warming
Regional Project implemented by
UNEP/MAP: Integration of climatic
variability and change into national
strategies to implement the ICZM Protocol
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LDCF/SCCF Coastal Adaptation
Bangladesh: Community Based Adaptation to
Climate Change through Coastal Afforestation
Cambodia: Vulnerability Assessment and
Adaptation Program for Climate Change in the
Coastal Zone including livelihood improvement &
ecosystems
Djibouti: Reducing Impacts and Vulnerability of
Coastal Productive Systems
Egypt: Adaptation to Climate Change in the Nile
Delta through Integrated Coastal Zone
Management
Guinea: Increased Resilience and Adaptation to
Adverse Impacts of Climate Change in Guinea's
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Vulnerable Coastal Zones
Haiti: Strengthening adaptive capacities to
address climate change threats on
sustainable development strategies for
coastal communities
Liberia: Enhancing Resilience of vulnerable
coastal areas to climate change risks
Mexico: Adaptation to Climate Change Impacts
on the Coastal Wetlands in the Gulf of Mexico
through Improved Water Resource Management
Tuvalu: Increasing Resilience of Coastal Areas
and Community Settlements to Climate Change
Vietnam: Climate-resilient Infrastructure
Planning and Coastal Zone Development in
Vietnam
Yemen: Integrated Coastal Zone Management
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in the Gulf of Aden
Adaptation to Climate Change in the
Nile Delta through Integrated Coastal
Zone Management
- SCCF/UNDP
Objective: Integrate the management
of sea level rise risks into the
development of Egypt’s Low Elevation
Coastal Zone (LECZ) in the Nile Delta
$17 M; $4 M SCCF & $13 M cofinancing
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Egypt Project Components
1. Regulatory Framework and Institutional
Capacity
→ Outcome: Capacity to improve resilience of
coastal settlements and development
infrastructure is strengthened
2. On the Ground Measures
→ Outcome: Innovative and environmentally
friendly adaptation measures enforced in the
framework of Nile Delta ICZM
3. Knowledge Management
→ Outcome: M&E framework and knowledge
management system in place
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www.adaptationlearning.net
Integrated Climate Change Adaptation in Samoa
LDCF/GEF amount:: $2 Million
CC Vulnerabilities:
Sea Level Rise loss of land and salt
intrusion into freshwater loss of
livelihood
Increased storm activity flooding,
loss of life, crops and infrastructure
Increasing frequencies of climate
related health problems
Increasing intensity of both rainfall
and drought loss of crops and
agricultural productivity↓
Adaptation Actions:
Improvement of health sector
capacity
Pilot measures on agriculture and
food security
Improving and disseminating seasonal
forecasts
Improvement of Early Warning
System↓
Outcomes:
Decreased loss of life to tropical
disease
Increased food and water security
Decreased loss of life and livelihood
from climate disaster events
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Common Goal: Sustainability of
Marine Resources
Partners
Countries
•Political Will
•Enabling Conditions for
Sustainable PS Investment
•Clear, Transparent, Predictable
Investment Climate
Fishermen
Small-Scale Fisher Folks
Industrial Fisheries
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Coral Triangle Initiative
6 Governments
Management, Conservation, and Adaptation to Climate
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Change of the Coral Ecosystems and Fisheries
Private Sector – Driver of Changes
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Sustainable Fisheries
The CTI region supports a multi-billion dollar
fisheries industry
Tuna fisheries are under great pressure due to the
high demand for seafood
There is scientific evidence that tuna fisheries
are close to the tipping point
Action towards sustaining the tuna stocks and the
entire fishing value chain is needed now.
This action can only be carried out in close
partnership with the local population and the
private sector – a driver of change
Both governments and the private sector have a
central role in terms of managing fisheries
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sustainably
Continue…
Creative PPPs should be developed to promote and
implement sustainable fisheries practices.
Promotion of policies conducive to environmentallyfriendly fisheries activities can be valuable to many
companies.
Actions also include temporary measures to allow for
recharge of the tuna stocks, certification, and seeking
alternative options such as well planned ocean farms
examples in New Zealand.
PPPs offer PS the opportunity to:
Protect share value through mitigation of environmental
and related business risks such as access to capital, land
& sea, markets, reputation, security of supply, relations
with regulators, liabilities, and insurance premiums;
Improve local and official acceptance of companies27 as
corporate citizens.
Strategic Partnership for Fisheries in Africa
African Union, GEF, World Bank, FAO, WWF
Investment Fund: Current and Planned Investments
WEST AFRICA:
(IDA $103.5 M)
(GEF $21 M)
Senegal ($24.5
M)
Guinea-Bissau
($8 M)
Cape Verde ($8
M)
Sierra Leone
($20 M)
Liberia
($12 M)
Reverse Depletion of Fsheries in Africa
LME
KENYA:
(IDA $30 M)
(GEF $5 M)
TANZANIA:
(IDA $52 M)
(GEF $5 M)
Ghana ($52 M)
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Thank You
www.thegef.org
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