Transcript 4 - Edmodo
ELEMENTS OF MUSIC When combined and used correctly, the elements of music express emotion and provide us with “singable”, enjoyable pieces that can represent time, place and even become what we use to describe who we are and what we represent. Rhythm • Definition: The patterns of long and short sounds and silences in music. • To create a rhythm combine any variety of notes (sounds) and rests (silences) together (see next slide for value trees). • Rhythms are performed throughout any piece of music by any instrument, however, we can most easily recognize a rhythm when it is performed on a percussion instrument. Value Trees Note …. Whole Half Quarter Eighth Rest Beat • Definition: A steady pulse contained in music. (The beat is what makes you want to dance.) • Music is organized with time signatures that indicate how many beats are found within one measure of music. measure • The top number of the time signature indicates how many beats (pulses) will appear in one measure (bar) of music. 2 4 3 4 4 4 6 8 6 on top means 6 beats per bar 4 on top means 4 beats per bar 3 means 3… 2 means 2… …etc. Whole Half • The bottom number of the time signature indicates which type of note represents the beat (pulse). The 8 in 6/8 time means an eighth note receives one beat 2 4 3 4 4 4 6 8 The 4 in 4/4 time means a quarter note receives one beat The time signature appears at the beginning of the music after the Time Key Clef treble clef High notes or bass clef. Low notes Tempo • Definition: The pace or speed at which a piece of music is performed. • Tempo markings are traditionally given in Italian and the words that refer to tempo can be categorized in the following ways: SLOW • Grave – (grah-vay) extremely slow and solemn • Adagio – (ah-dahzh-oh) very slow • Lento – (len-toe) slow • Largo – (rhymes with cargo) slow and broad • Larghetto – less slow than largo MEDIUM • Andante – (on-DON-tay) rather slow, moderate walking pace • Andantino – (on-don-TEE-no) a little faster than andante • Moderato – (mah-dur-AH-toe) • Allegretto – (all-uh-GRET-toe) fairly quick, slightly slower than allegro FAST • Con moto – (con MOE-toe) with movement, or a certain quickness • Allegro – (uh-LEG-grow) lively, rather quick • Vivace – (viv-OTCH-ay) quick and lively • Rapido – (RAP-ee-doe) rapid • Presto – (PRESS-toe) very quick • Prestissimo – (press-TEE-see-moe) as quick as possible Other words that refer to Tempo • Accelerando – (otch-ell-er-ON-doe) gradually getting quicker • Meno mosso – (min-oh MOE-so) less movement, slower • Ritardando – (ree-tar-DON-doe) gradually getting slower • Rallentando – (rah-len-TON-doe) gradually getting slower DYNAMICS • Definition: The volume of the sound, as well as the style in which the performer plays the instrument/music. • It is important to not confuse how loud or soft something is on a recorded performance. It is easy to change the volume using an electronic device. Dynamics • When dynamics are discussed in music, we are referring to how loud or soft each instrument can perform on its own, the stylistic elements that support that sound and finally what dynamics they can create when combining and performing as an ensemble or orchestra. Dynamics Terminology Italian Term Symbol Translation pianissimo piano pp (ppp) P As soft as possible Soft mezzo piano mezzo forte forte fortissimo mp mf f ff (fff) Medium soft Medium loud Loud As loud as possible Dynamics in Volume Italian Terminology Symbol, abbr. Translation Crescendo Gradually louder Decrescendo Gradually softer Sforzando sfz -or- sf Fortepiano fp Strongly accented Loud, then immediately soft